Automobile Brake.pptx for better understanding

Automobile Brake.pptx for better understanding

1. Automobile Braking System

2. Brakes have the following functions: It is used to stop the vehicle. It is used to control the speed where and when required. It is used to control the vehicle while descending along the slope. To park the vehicle and held it in stationary position without the presence of Driver. Classification of Brakes 1 . By Method of Power. a. Mechanical brakes. b. Hydraulic brakes c. Vacuum brakes. d. Air brakes. e. Electrical brakes. f. Magnetic brakes. g. Air assisted hydraulic brakes. By Method of Application. a. Service or foot brakes. b. Parking or hand brakes. 3. By Method of Operation. a. Manual b. Servo c. Power operation By method of Braking Contact. a. Internal Expanding Brakes b. External Contracting Brakes. By Method of Applying Brake force. a. Single Acting Brakes. b. Double Acting Brakes .

3. Service brakes . Operated by foot pedal. Most automotive service brakes are hydraulic type. Some vehicles use air or pneumatic brakes. Service brakes used in cars are of two types: Drum brake. Disc brake Parking brakes . Operated by hand lever which hold the veh stationary when applied. By Method of application

4. Drum Brakes (Internal Expanding or External Contracting). Types of Mechanical Brakes Disc Brakes (Single or Two caliper).

5. Drum Brakes The drum brake has a metal drum that encloses the brake assembly at each wheel - the drum is attached to the wheel. Two curved brake shoes are pushed outward by wheel cylinder pistons which hold the drum by friction force. Brake shoes are made of metal and faced with friction material called brake lining which is riveted or cemented to the shoes.

6. The main components of drum brakes are Brake drum , Back plate , Brake shoes Brake Liners, Returning Springs, Brake Linkages Wheel cylinder, Adjusting mechanism

7. Electric brake Electric drum brakes are activated by an electric signal that comes from a brake controller in a vehicle. The   brake controller  senses when press the brake pedal and sends a signal through your trailer’s wiring to the brakes. This signal energizes the brake magnet , which then sticks to the armature (magnetic) surface of the hub. The rotating hub pulls the magnet , which causes the actuating arm to engage, which then causes the brake shoes expand and squeeze against the hub, creating the friction needed for braking.

8. Parking brakes

9. Disk Brakes

10. Types of Disk Brake: Fixed-caliper disc brake. ◙ It has pistons on both sides of the disc, sometimes one on each side and sometimes two. ◙ The caliper is rigidly attached to the steering knuckle. Floating-caliper disc brake . ◙ It has one piston on the inboard side of the disc. ◙ The caliper moves or floats on rubber bushings on one or two steel guide pins .

11. Difference between Disk and Drum brake?

12. Hydraulic brakes The main components of the service braking systems is a. Master Cylinder. b. Wheel Cylinder. When the brake pedal is pressed the piston is forced in to the master cylinder, the hydraulic pr is applied equally to all wheel cylinders When the driver release the brake pedal, the piston in the master cylinder returns back to its original position due to the return spring pressure. Thus the pistons in the wheel cylinder come back in its original inward position. Thus the brakes are released

13. Master Cylinder

14. Vacuum Booster The  purpose of a vacuum booster (brake booster)  is to: Amplify the force applied by the driver on the brake pedal Make it easier for the driver to brake by increasing the force exerted without additional effort

15. Wheel Cylinder It consists of two pistons which can move in opposite directions by the fluid pr and a spring in between. It is rigidly mounted on the brake shield or backing plate. Wheel cylinders are larger than the master cylinders and again, the front-wheel cylinders are larger than the rear-wheel cylinders.

16. An  anti-lock braking system  ( ABS ) is a  safety  anti- skid   braking  system used on  aircraft  and on land  vehicles , such as  cars ,  motorcycles ,  trucks , and  buses .  ABS operates by preventing the  wheels  from locking up during braking, thereby maintaining  tractive  contact with the road surface and allowing the driver to maintain more control over the vehicle. With most ABS, this releasing and re-application - or pulsing - of the brake pr happens 20 or more times per second . Anti-lock braking system (ABS)

17. Working of Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) The controller (ECU-Electronic Control Unit) reads the signal from each of the speed sensors of the wheel. As the brakes are suddenly applied by the driver, this makes the wheel to decelerate at faster rate and may cause the wheel to Lock.

18. As the ECU reads the signal which indicates the rapid decrease in the speed of the wheel, it sends signal to the valve which makes the valve close and the pressure to the brake pad reduces and prevents the wheel from locking.

19. The wheel again starts to accelerate, again the signal sends to the controller, this time it opens the valve, increasing the pressure to the brake pad and brakes are applied, this again reduces the speed of the wheel and tries to make it stop.

20. Typical ABS Components

21. Hybrid ABS system

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