Automobile engineering notes unit 1_Introduction.pptx

notes about the introduction of automobiles

1. Introduction to Automobile Engineering 1

2. Disclaimer Content shown in presentation is solely for the purpose of education and it is nowhere sold in any form or used for promotion of commercial products. 2 Dr. Devender Kumar,AP,MED,TIET

3. Definitions : Automobile The term automobile is derived from the Greek word autos , which means self, and the French word mobile , which means moving. Self-propelled vehicle that travels on land but not on rails; usually has 4 wheel, and primary meant for personal (human) transportation It includes car, truck, bus, motorcycle, or any other self-propelled vehicle 3 Automobile is defined as a wheeled vehicle driven by its own motive power unit that runs on ground and is used for transporting passengers or goods. Dr. Devender Kumar,AP,MED,TIET

4. Historical Background Event Marks 1876 The OTTO four-stroke cycle engine was developed by a German engineer, Nikolaus Otto. 1885 The first automobile was powered by an OTTO cycle gasoline engine designed by Karl Friedrick Benz 1892 Rudolf Diesel received a patent for a compression ignition engine. The first diesel engine was built in 1897. 1896 Henry Ford built his first car, called the Quadricycle 4 Dr. Devender Kumar,AP,MED,TIET

5. The 1885 Benz Patent Motor Wagen , one of the first automobiles made. 5 https:// en.wikipedia.org Dr. Devender Kumar,AP,MED,TIET

6. The Ford Quadricycle : 1896 6 https:// en.wikipedia.org Dr. Devender Kumar,AP,MED,TIET

7. Historical Background Event Marks 1900 About 4,200 total automobiles were sold, including: 40% were steam powered 38% were battery/electric powered 22% were gasoline engine powered 1902 Oldsmobile, founded by Ransom E. Olds, produced the first large-scale, affordable vehicle. 1908 William Durant formed General Motors. 1908 The Ford Model T was introduced as commercially made in factory at large scale. . 7 Dr. Devender Kumar,AP,MED,TIET

8. Ford Model T : 1908 8 https:// en.wikipedia.org Dr. Devender Kumar,AP,MED,TIET

9. Historical Background Event Marks 1912 The electric starter was invented by Charles F. Kettering of Dayton, Ohio, first used on a Cadillac. The starter was produced by a new company called Delco, which stood for Dayton Electric Laboratories Company. 1914 First car with a 100% steel body was made by the Budd Corporation for Dodge. Before 1914, all car bodies had wood components in them. 1922 The first vehicle to have four-wheel hydraulically operated brakes was a Duesenberg built in Indianapolis, Indiana. 9 Dr. Devender Kumar,AP,MED,TIET

10. Historical Background Event Marks 1940 The first fully automatic transmission was introduced by Oldsmobile. 1973 Airbags were offered as an option on some General Motors vehicles. 1985 Lincoln offers the first four-wheel antilock braking system. 1997 The first vehicle with electronic stability control was offered by Cadillac. 10 Dr. Devender Kumar,AP,MED,TIET

11. Components of an Automobile 11 Dr. Devender Kumar,AP,MED,TIET

12. Chassis The chassis For commercial vehicles “Chassis” is a self propelled vehicle. Body frame is made on it to carry loads of different kind. © 2020-Ford Motor Company 12 LADDER FRAME Dr. Devender Kumar,AP,MED,TIET

13. Buses Trucks Rigid Body Trucks Tractor and Trailers © 2019 Daimler AG, Mercedes, Germany 13 BUS TRUCK TRAILER Dr. Devender Kumar,AP,MED,TIET

14. The body The chassis 14 PICKUP TRUCK SUV Dr. Devender Kumar,AP,MED,TIET

15. Chassis The chassis For passenger Cars/SUVs “Chassis” is the main structure build to support all other parts of the vehicle. Its protects occupants, bear all loads, provide base to fix everything. © 2020-Ford Motor Company 15 UNI-BODY Dr. Devender Kumar,AP,MED,TIET

16. www.mercedesamg.com Chassis and United Powertrain This is modern concept in high end sports cars and SUVs 16 Dr. Devender Kumar,AP,MED,TIET

17. Chassis The frame is the strong metal structure that provides a mounting place for the other parts of the vehicle. 17 Dr. Devender Kumar,AP,MED,TIET

18. The Chassis 18 Dr. Devender Kumar,AP,MED,TIET

19. The Body The body: The vehicle body provides a protective outer hull, or “skin,” around the outside of an automobile. The body is an attractive , colourful covering over the other parts. Body parts may also contribute to the structural integrity (safety and strength) of the vehicle. The vehicle body can be made from steel, aluminium, fibreglass, plastic, or composite (a combination of materials like carbon fibre). The body is normally painted to give the vehicle its appealing, shiny colour and appearance. 19 Dr. Devender Kumar,AP,MED,TIET

20. Power Unit The engine provides the energy to propel (move) the vehicle and operate the other systems. Most engines consume gasoline or diesel fuel. Engine 20 © 2019 Daimler AG, Mercedes, Germany Dr. Devender Kumar,AP,MED,TIET

21. 21 Power Unit Source : BMW 740e I Performance plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) powertrain and drivetrain Hybrid Vehicle Batteries Electric Motor/Generator Dr. Devender Kumar,AP,MED,TIET

22. Transmission Transmission is the mechanism which is used to transfer the power developed by engine to the wheels of an automobile. Often transmission refers simply to the gearbox that uses gears and gear trains to provide speed and torque conversions from a rotating power source to another device. 22 © 2019 Daimler AG, Mercedes, Germany Dr. Devender Kumar,AP,MED,TIET

23. Drive Line Propeller Shaft connects transmission with differential. Differential provides adjustment of drive torque during turn. Live Axle t ransmits the torque received from the engine, to the driving wheels. Dead Axle just connects the wheel to the frame but does not transmit any power. Propeller Shaft Differential Axles 23 Dr. Devender Kumar,AP,MED,TIET

24. 24 Transmission Propeller Shaft Universal Joint Differential www.artstation.com Dr. Devender Kumar,AP,MED,TIET

25. Steering System The steering system allows the driver to control vehicle direction by turning the wheels right or left. 25 Dr. Devender Kumar,AP,MED,TIET

26. It is responsible for preventing the road shocks from being transmitted to the vehicle. Safeguarding the passengers from road shocks. Preserving the stability of vehicle during pitching and rolling. Functions of Suspension System 26 Suspension System Dr. Devender Kumar,AP,MED,TIET

27. Suspension System The suspension system allows the vehicle’s wheels and tires to move up and down with little effect on body movement. 27 Rigid Suspension (Leaf Spring/Coil Spring and Damper) Dr. Devender Kumar,AP,MED,TIET

28. Dr. Devender Kumar,AP,MED,TIET Source: https:// sites.google.com /site/ suspensioncontrolarms / Chassis Mount point Steering System Disc Brake Assembly Link Rod Damper Coil Spring Upper Wishbone Lower Control Arm Suspension System 28

29. Braking System The brake system produces friction to slow or stop the vehicle. 29 www.procarmechanic.con, www.onlinetutions.com Dr. Devender Kumar,AP,MED,TIET

30. Tires and Wheels A wheel is a circular component that is intended to rotate on an axial bearing. A tyre is a rubber covering, typically inflated or surrounding an inflated inner tube, placed round a wheel to form a soft contact with the road. Rim Tire Wheel 30 Dr. Devender Kumar,AP,MED,TIET

31. 31 Drive Train Design Front Engine Rear Engine Mid Engine Sedans, Hatchbacks, SUVs, Pickup Trucks Sports Cars, Two Seater Cars, Compact Cars High Power Sports Cars, Racing Cars Source: Hiller’s Fundamental of Motor Vehicle Technology Dr. Devender Kumar,AP,MED,TIET

32. 32 Drive Line Configuration Front Wheel Drive Arrangement Rear Wheel Drive Arrangement All Wheel Drive Arrangement Source: Hiller’s Fundamental of Motor Vehicle Technology Dr. Devender Kumar,AP,MED,TIET

33. Drive Line Configuration A transverse engine mounts sideways in the engine compartment. Its crankshaft center line extends toward the right and left of the body. Both front-engine and rear engine vehicles use this configuration A longitudinal engine mounts the crankshaft center line front to rear when viewed from the top. Front-engine, rear-wheel drive vehicles use this type of engine mounting 33 Dr. Devender Kumar,AP,MED,TIET

34. Drive Line Configuration FWD Transverse FWD longitudinal RWD Transverse RWD longitudinal 34 Dr. Devender Kumar,AP,MED,TIET

35. Engine and Transmission Layout 35 Dr. Devender Kumar,AP,MED,TIET

36. Auxiliaries 36 HVAC Sealed Parabolic Lighting Multi-reflector Halogen LED Source: Hiller’s Fundamental of Motor Vehicle Technology Dr. Devender Kumar,AP,MED,TIET

37. 37 Auxiliaries Catalytic Convertor Safety Devices Source: Hiller’s Fundamental of Motor Vehicle Technology Dr. Devender Kumar,AP,MED,TIET

38. Safety Tips Every engine and vehicle body are specially made for each other. Drive your vehicle as per its capabilities. Drive Safe 38 Dr. Devender Kumar,AP,MED,TIET