Automotive fuel system presentation

This is a slide for presentation of automotive fuel system

1. AUTOMOTIVE FUELSYSTEM

2. SOMALI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
GROUP NAMES:
1. ABDINASIR AHMED (B1EN21)
2. ABDIRAHMAN ALI (B1EN24)
3.ABDULLAH HASSAN (B1EN39 )

3. CONTENT:
1. INTRODUCTION
2. BRIEFHISTORY
3. CLASSIFICATIONOFFUELS
4. FUELSYSTEMCOMPONENTS
5. FUELADDITIVES
6. TYPESOFFUELADDITIVES

4. 1. INTRODUCTION
TheAutomobilecanbeconsidered,withoutanydoubt,asoneofthe
greatestinventionofthehumankind.Itsusagedeeplymodifiedthe
waythatpeoplemoveandtransporttheloads.
Theautomotiveusershavebeengrowingroughlyinparalleltothe
humanpopulationgrowth.Globally,thenumberofvehiclesonthe
roadreached1billionby2011.oneofeverysevenpersoninthe
worldhadavehicleby2011.
Withthegrowthinthenumberofvehicles,fuelconsumptionhas
goneupsignificantly.Alargepartofenergyconsumptionisinform
ofenginefuels.

5. CONT…
Automotivefuelsystemplaysamajorroleinsupplyingfueltothe
engine.Ifthereisnofuelsupplytoengine,thevehiclewon’twork.
Fuelsystemplaysamajorroleinrunningavehicle.Varioustypesof
fuelsystemsareusedinautomobilesbecausefuelsystemsvaryfrom
enginetoanotherengine.
Fuelsystemcontainsavarietyofpartstostorethefuel,supplyand
circulatethefuelforaneffectiveway.Themajorcomponentsofthe
fuelsystemarethefueltank,fuel,filters,fuellines,fuelpumps,etc.
Ifanyofthecomponentsinthefuelsystemfail,thevehiclewill
haveasignificantdropinperformance,orwillevenstopworking.

6. CONT…
Automotivefuelsystemstoresandsupplyfueltotheengine.The
engineintakesystemiswherethefuelismixedwithair,atomized,
andvaporized.Thenitcanbecompressedintheenginecylinderand
ignitedtoproduceenergyorpower.
Avehiclewithoutfuelsystem,withoutsupplyoffuel,youcannot
movethevehicleevenaninch.Speedofthevehicledependsonthe
supplyoffuelandthedesignofthefuelsystem.Thebettersupplyof
fuelisthebetterwouldbethecombustionofthefuel.Betterfuel
systemleadstobetterperformanceofAutomotive.Agoodfuel
supplysystemshouldbeabletodeliverthefuelcorrectlyattheend
ofthecompressionstroke.

7. CONT…
Automotiveusesfuelstocombustandproducechemicalenergy
whichisconvertedintothermalenergy,whichisfurtherconverted
intomechanicalwork.
Overtheyearsfuelspecificationshaveevolvedconsiderablytomeet
thechangingdemandsofenginemanufacturersandconsumers.Both
enginesandfuelshavebeenimprovedduetoenvironmentaland
energyefficiencyconsiderations.

8. 2.BRIEF HISTORY
Thefirstgasoline-fueled,four-strokecycleenginewasbuiltin
Germanyin1876.In1886,CarlBenzbeganthefirstcommercial
productionofmotorvehicleswithinternalcombustionengines.By
the1890s,motorcarsreachedtheirmodernstageofdevelopment.
Overtheyears,changesinthedesign,size,weight,andpowerof
automobilesallcontributedtogreatergasolineuse.Theadditionof
amenitiessuchasairconditioning,powersteering,powerbrakes,
automaticwindows,andautomatictransmissionsreducedfuel
economy.

9. CONT…
Ittookseveralmoreyearsfortheinternalcombustionengineto
sweeptoAmerica.
ParticularlynoteworthyintheUnitedStateswereinvented
automotivefuelsystembytwinsFrancisE.andFreelandO.Stanley,
whohadbeenschoolteachersinMaine.Forseveralyears,the
“StanleySteamer”wasthefastestvehicleontheroadbecauseofthe
fuelsystem.In1906,theStanleyRocketsetfiveworldspeed
recordsinDaytonaBeach,Florida,hittingover127milesperhour.
Aftertheinventionofautomotivefuelsystemitplayedamajorrole
insupplyingfueltotheengine.

10. 3. CLASSIFICATIONOFFUELS
Fuelsareclassified:
1.crudeoilbasedwhicharegasoline,dieselfuels,andanyothergas
andliquidproducts
2.non-crudeoilbasedwhicharenamelynaturalgasbasedfuels—
compressednaturalgas(CNG)anddimethyl-ether—biofuels,like
methanol,ethanol,anyotheralcoholsanddifferentmixturesof
them;biodiesel;biogasoil(mixturesofiso-andn-paraffinsfrom
naturaltryglicerides).

11. CONT…
Enginefuelscanbeanyliquidorgaseoushydrocarbons
usedforthegenerationofpowerinaninternal
combustionengine.Thereareseveralmaterialsthatcan
beusedintheinternalcombustionengineasfuel
component.

13. 4. FUELSYSTEMCOMPONENTS
Fuelsystemsvaryfromenginetoengine,theyhavetosupplyfuelto
thecombustionchambertakingthefuelfromtankandcontrolthe
amountoffuelsuppliedinrelationtotheamountofair.
Thefuelsystemincludesallnecessaryauxiliarysystems/equipment
requiredtomakefuelavailableforproducingthenecessaryheat.
Theequipmentrequiredinthefuelsystemdependsonthetypeof
fuelused.Thefuelsystemismadeupofthefueltank,pump,filter,
andinjectorsorCarburetor,andisresponsiblefordeliveringfuelto
theengineasneeded.

14. FUELSYSTEMMAINCOMPONENTS ARE:
2. RECIRCULATIONVALVE.
3. FUELPRESSUREREGULATOR.
4. INJECTIONVALVE.
5. VIBRATIONDAMPERS.
6. VENTILATIONANDAIRRELEASE.
7. FUELRUNBACK.
8. FUELFLOW.
9. AIRRELEASEANDGRAVITYVALVE.
10. FUELTANK.
11. NON-RETURNVALVE.
12. FUELPUMP.
13. FUELFILTER.

15. CONT…
1.FuelTanks:Thefueltankisforstorageoffuelsinliquidform.
Therearemanydifferenttypesandshapesoffueltanks.Eachsize
andshapeisdesignedforaspecificpurpose.Thefueltankmustbe
capableofstoringenoughfueltooperatetheengineforareasonable
lengthoftime.Thetankmustbeclosedtopreventcontaminationby
foreignobjects.Afueltankcanbelocatedjustaboutanywhereinthe
vehiclethatmeetstheserequirements.
Fueltankcontainsmoreelementsmadetogethersomeofthemare:
FillerPipeandFueloutlet

17. CONT…
2.FuelFilters:Thefuelfiltertrapsforeignmaterialthatmaybe
presentinthefuel,preventingitfromenteringthecarburetoror
sensitivefuelinjectioncomponents.Atleastonefuelfilterisusedin
anyfuelsystem.Afuelfiltercanbelocatedinanyaccessibleplace
alongthefueldeliveryline..Afuelfiltercanbelocatedinany
accessibleplacealongthefueldeliveryline.Filtersalsocanbe
locatedinsidefueltanks,carburetors,andfuelpumps.

18. CONT…
3.FuelPumps:Thefuelpumpdeliversfuelsfromthefueltankto
theengine.Earlyautomotiveequipmentusedgravitytofeedfuelto
theengine.Thisisnolongerpracticalbecauseitlimitsthelocation
ofthefueltanktopositionsthatareabovetheengine.Pumpscanbe
mechanicalorelectrical.Themechanicaltypeoffuelpumpis
generallythemorepopularpumpusedforfuelengineapplications.
Itisusuallymorecheaperthananelectricpump.The
electricpumpismoredesirablebecauseoftheelectric
pumpwillsupplyfueltotheengineimmediatelyafterthe
ignitionkeyisturnedon.

19. CONT…
4.Fuellines:Fuellinescarrythefuelfromthetanktothe
engine.Fuellinescanbeheavyweightlinesforthehigh
pressuresfoundbetweentheinjectionpumpandthe
injectors,mediumweightlinesforthelightormedium
fuelpressuresfoundbetweenthefueltankandinjection
pump,andlightweightlineswherethereislittleorno
pressure.

20. CONT…
5.Carburetors:Theprocessofpreparinganair-fuelmixtureaway
fromthecylindersofanengineiscalledcarburetionandthedevice
inwhichthisprocesstakeplaceiscalledcarburetor.Acarburetor
takesthefuelandmixesitwithairwithoutcomputerintervention.
Whilesimpleinoperation,theytendtoneedfrequenttuningand
rebuilding.Thisiswhynewercarshavedoneawaywithcarburetors
infavoroffuelinjection.Mainpurposeofcarburetoristomixthe
rightamountofairandfuelanddeliverittotheengine.

21. 5. FUELADDITIVES
Automotiveusesfuelstocombustandproducechemicalenergy
whichisconvertedintothermalenergy,whichisfurtherconverted
intomechanicalwork.Toincreaseperformance,efficiency,quality
andpowerofthefuelitisusedfueladditives.Fueladditivesare
combinationofseveralchemicals.
Inmodernautomotivefuels,acombinationofseveralchemical
additivesisusedinordertomeetthedesiredperformancelevelof
thefuel.Thesechemicaladditivesimprovepropertiesoffuelsthat
cannotbeobtainedthroughtherefiningprocesses.

22. CONT…
There are six reasons for using additives in fuels:
To improve handling properties and stability of the fuel.
To improve combustion properties of the fuel.
To reduce emissions from fuel combustion.
To provide engine protection and cleanliness.
To increase in the economic use of the fuel.
To establish or enhance the brand image of the fuel.

23. 6. TYPESOFFUELADDITIVES
1.DepositControlAdditives(DetergentDispersants):During
combustionallfuelsandengineoilsformsomedepositsinthe
engine.However,idealcombustionisnotpossibleandsome
productsofdecompositionareformedthatarerichincarbonform
depositsintheengines.
2.LubricityImprovers:Lubricityimproversandfrictionmodifiersboth
workthroughtheactionoffilmformationonthemetalsurfaces.
However,lubricityimproversaremeantforprotectingthefuelpump
fromwear.

24. CONT…
3.CombustionImprovers:Thecombustionofthefuelscanbe
enhancedbytheuseofacatalyst.
4.MetalDeactivators:Traceamountsofmetalslikecopperortheir
solublecompoundsacceleratetheoxidationoffuelsbycatalyzing
thereaction,therebyforminggumsanddepositsatafasterrate.
Copperanditsalloysareextensivelyusedinthechemical
processingplantsandalsointhedistributionandautomotivefuel
systems.