Autonomic innervation of the eyes and strategies used to treat Glaucoma

Autonomic innervation of the eyes and strategies used to treat Glaucoma

1. Autonomic innervation of the eyes and strategies used to treat Glaucoma

2. Overview .Cranial Nerves of the eyes .Effects by autonomous nervous system .Pathology of glaucoma .Treatment of glaucoma

3. .The 12 pairs of cranial nerves are part of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and pass through foramina or fissures in the cranial cavity. .The ( II ) to ( VII ) nerves supply the eye which originates from the brain.

4. Nerve Component Exit from skull Function Optic nerve ( II ) Afferent Optic canal Vision Oclulomotor nerve ( III ) Efferent Superior orbital fissure Innervates rectus muscles, oblique muscles,sphincter pupillary,ciliary muscles Trochlear nerve ( IV ) Efferent Superior orbital fissure Innervates Superior oblique muscle Trigeminal nerve ( V ) Afferent Superior orbital fissure (V1)**
Foramen rotendum (V2)*** V1 eyes,conjuctiva,upper eyelid
V2- lower eyelid Abducent nerve ( VI ) Efferent Superior orbital fissure Innervates lateral rectus muscle Facial nerve ( VII ) Efferent Stylomastoid foramen innervates lacrimal glan *these nerves supply other structures but aren’t mentioned for sake of simplicity . **V1 ophthalmic division ***V2 maxillary nerve

5. Optic Nerve ( CN II ):  The function of this nerve is purely sensory. It senses incoming light and images displayed on the retina. It then sends this information to the cerebral cortex. It also contributes to changing pupil sizes  (autonomic).  Oculomotor Nerve ( CN III ):  This nerve is responsible for the motor innervation of the majority of extraocular muscles. It also contributes to the constriction of pupils  (autonomic). Trochlear Nerve ( CN IV ):  The trochlear nerve contributes to the extraocular muscles, it only innervates the superior oblique muscle.   Autonomic effects on the eye

6. Trigeminal Nerve ( CN V ): the ophthalmic nerve is involved in sensory innervation of the eye. It works as an afferent part of the corneal and lacrimation reflex.   Abducens Nerve ( CN VI ):  This nerve only innervates one muscle of the eye, the  lateral   rectus muscle. Facial Nerve ( CN VII ): In the eyes, this nerve is responsible for eye closure and blinking by having motor innervation of the orbicularis oculi muscle. It also has sensory efferent output for the corneal and lacrimation reflex of the eye. Autonomic effects on the eye

7. Glaucoma

8. .Glaucoma is a common eye condition where the optic nerve, which connects the eye to the brain, becomes damaged. . Glaucoma is the most common cause of blindness

9. Glaucoma is treated by lowering your eye pressure, or intraocular pressure treatment options may include prescription eyedrops laser treatment trabeculectomy

10. References 1- Grey anatomy for students 2- Osmosis 3- 3D4Medical from Elsavier 4- Eye Ear Metabolism 5-Robbins basic pathology

11. Thank You