Autonomy and beneficiance/ non-Maleficence.pptx

It's the conflicts between autonomy and beneficiance or non Maleficence.

1. Conflicts between Autonomy and Beneficence/ Nonmaleficence Department Of Chemical Technology, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar , Maharashtra. Presented By Pooja Harkal M . Pharm (Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance)

2. Autonomy The principle of autonomy, broken down into "autos" (self) and "nomos (rule), views the rights of an individual to self-determination. Autonomy refers to the patient's right to make their own decisions about their health and treatment, based on their values, preferences, and goals. Autonomy has become more important as social values have shifted to define medical quality in terms of outcomes that are important to the patient and their family rather than medical professionals Three conditions must exist for autonomous action by those with capacity to choose: 1.Intentionality 2. Understanding 3.Absence of controlling influences that determine their action.

3. The following moral rules or obligations are derived from the application of the principle of respect for autonomy: 1 . Tell the truth. 2 . Respect the privacy of others. 3. Protect confidential information. 4 . Obtain consent for interventions with patients

4. Beneficence Beneficence refers to the duty of the healthcare provider to act in the best interest of the patient, to prevent harm and promote well-being. The term beneficence refers to actions that promote the well being of others. In the medical context, this means taking actions that serve the best interests of patients and their families. However, uncertainty surrounds the precise definition of which practices do in fact help patients.

5. The principle of beneficence is a moral obligation to act for the benefit of others. There are 2 aspects of beneficence: 1. Providing benefits 2. Balancing benefits and risks/harms. The principle of beneficence supports the following moral rules or obligations: 1. Protect and defend the rights of others. 2. Prevent harm from occurring to others. 3.Remove conditions that will cause harm. 4. Help persons with disabilities. 5. Rescue persons in danger

6. Nonmaleficence The concept of non-maleficence is embodied by the phrase, "first, do no harm," or the Latin, primum non nocere . Many consider that should be the main or primary consideration (hence primum ); that it is more important not to harm your patient, than to do them good, which is part of the Hippocratic oath that doctors take. The principle of nonmaleficence holds that there is an obligation not to inflict harm on others. It is closely associated with the maxim primum non nocere (first, do no harm). The principle of nonmaleficence supports the following rules: 1.Do not kill. 2.Do not cause pain or suffering. 3.Do not incapacitate. 4.Do not cause offense.

7. Conflict Between Autonomy And Beneficence/Non-Maleficence Scenario : A 60-year-old patient diagnosed with advanced-stage cancer refuses chemotherapy. The patient cites concerns about the side effects, wanting to prioritize quality of life over extending it. However, the medical team knows that chemotherapy could significantly improve the patient's chances of survival .

8. AUTONOMY: Patient’s Right : The patient has the legal and ethical right to refuse treatment. Patient's Reasoning : Prefers a shorter life with less suffering over prolonged life with debilitating side effects . BENEFICENCE: Doctor’s Duty : The healthcare provider believes chemotherapy is in the patient’s best interest and could extend life by several years . NON-MALEFICENCE: Avoiding Harm : The provider worries that by respecting the patient’s decision, they are allowing harm (early death) to occur, when there is a viable treatment option available . ETHICAL DILEMMA: Conflict : Respecting the patient’s autonomy could lead to a harmful outcome (death), while acting against the patient’s wishes (by pressuring or coercing them into treatment) would violate their right to make their own healthcare decisions.

9. RESOLUTION APPROACH: Informed Consent : Ensure the patient fully understands the consequences of their decision. Open Dialogue : Discuss the potential outcomes and explore if alternative treatments could align better with the patient’s preferences. Ethics Consultation : If the conflict persists, an ethics committee might be called in to mediate.

10. References :- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_ethics Assigned date -19.10.2021 https://ce4rt.com/rad-tech-talk/principles-in- medical-ethics/ Assigned date-19.10.2021 https://www.slideshare.net/DonWLewis/medical -ethics-64974300 Assigned date-19.10.2021

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