Aves neornithes

1. Class A ves Subclass Archaeornithes

2. Subclass Archaeopteryx “ancient wing” Extinct Complete covering of body feathers Long, straight bony tail

3. Abdominal ribs present Sternum was without any keel Cerebellum small

4. No beak Teeth are present Toes and fingers are clawed

5. neornithes This subclass is divided into 2 superorders , Odontognathae , and Neognathae .

6. Toothed Cretaceous marine birds The only odontognath ever recovered is a marine bird , Hesperornis . Odontognathae

7. Hesperornis The wings were vestigal , so it did not fly . But it swam and dove for fish, catching the fish with sharp and conical teeth

8. carinates ratites Neognathae carinates (keeled ) Can fly (from  ratis , "raft", referring to the flatness of the sternum) Cannot fly

9. Order Columbiformes . Doves Order Pelecaniformes . Pelicans, cormorants, etc. Order Anseriformes . Ducks, geese, other waterfowl. Order Falconiformes . Hawks, eagles, vultures. Order Galliformes . Grouse, quail, domestic foul. Order Psittaciformes . Parrots, paroquetes . Order Passeriformes . Perching birds– up to 64 families, including song birds. And about 15 other living orders.

10. ratites They have small incompetent wings But have powerful leg muscles that enable them to run well It is likely that their ancestors could fly Many are known only as fossils The survivors are in danger of extinction by humans.

11. Examples o striches emus cassowaries rheas kiwis penguins

12. Were nearly 4 m (13 ft) Laid eggs more than 30 cm (1 ft) in diameter moas

13. Carinates Carinatae were defined as all birds whose sternum (breast bone) has a keel (carina)

14. C arinates The keel is a strong median ridge running down the length of the sternum. This is an important area for the attachment of flight muscles.

15. Largest living carinates is the Andean condor , with a wingspread of 3m (10 ft) and weighing 15 kg(35 lbs)

16. The Giant Teratorn ( Teratornis ), which lives in Argentina 5 million years ago Is thought to have been a flier Had a wingspread of 7.5 m (25ft), weighed 360 kg (160 lbs) and measured 3.5m (11ft) from beak to tip of tail.

17. Many are annual migrants. During migration birds move in mass flights, often at night and at an elevation of approximately 600 meters (2000 ft) Those destined for the same geographical location pass over approximately the same flyways year after year.

18. Migration is associated with the reproductive cycle