Avians (poultry )Postmortem examination.

The postmortem examination is a valuable part of the diagnostic work-up. Shared by a veterinary pathologist with a special interest in birds, this guide to avian necropsy provides comprehensive instructions for the avian postmortem exam.

1. )

AVIAN POSTMORTEM

By

Ranjini Manuel

2. ® Cause of death
® Better diagnosis of the diseases
® Better flock management

® Reduction of morbidity and mortality

3. ® Flock history

® Number of birds died
® Clinical signs

® Type of feed given

. Managemental aspects

® medications

4. STEPS
® Obtain flock history

® Examine the bird externally

® Open the body; observe organs in situ

® Remove the organs for detailed examination and sampling
® Examine and sample the organs

o

Consider observations for diagnosis and write the report

5. ® General appearance of the bird

® ectoparası
® Abnormalities of the limbs and neck

® Mucus memberanne

® Wounds or any kind of physical trauma and inflammations

® Abnormal discharges from nostrils, beak, cloaca

7. Cynotic comb — AVIAN INFLUENZA

Lesions in the comb
FOWL POX

8. Cheesy flakes on the larynx — diphtheric state
FOWL POX

9. DPSpime Ruiz

Haemorrhages of the trachea — AVIAN INFLUENZA

10. abdominal air sacs are thickened and coated
with fibrin. - CHLAMYDIOSIS

11. Caseous exudate on the airsacs of birds
infected -MYCOPLASMA

12. Severe airsacculitis with abundant
foam and aggregates of caseous
exudate.

13. Acute multifocal hemorrhage with edema
and congestion — AVIAN INFLUENZA

14. Pulmonary congestion and edema,-
NEWCASTLE DISEASE

15. accumulation of fibrinous exudate — FOWL CHOLERA

16. lymphomatous lesions- MAREK'S DISEASE

17. fibrinous pneumonia -MYCOPLASMA

18. Multifocal hyperplasia - AVIAN POX

19. Diffused haemorrhages and edema
NEWCASTLE DISEASES

20. Enlarged proventriculus
MAREK'S DISEASE

21. Multifocal acute hemorrhages and diffuse edema- AVIAN INFLUENZA

22. Myocardial lymphoma -MAREKS'S DISEASE

23. Multiple acute petechie -AVIAN
INFLUENZA

24. Fibrinous pericarditis - FOWL CHOLERA

25. urate accumulations have lead to visceral gout, a
deposition of urates on the surfaces of the Jiver and
heart.

26. Pericarditits - colibacilosis

27. Yellowish spots in liver
MAREK'S DISEASE

28. LYMPHOID LEUKOSIS enlarged liver

29. Splenomegaly - COLISEPTICAEMIA

30. Hemorrhage - NEWCASTLE DISEASE

31. fibrinous perihepatitis.-
CHLAMYDIOSIS

32. enlarged, pale, and friable,-
MYCOTOXICOSIS

33. INTESTINE

Intestinal distention, mucoid blood
filled exudate and white spots -
E.necatrix

34. Button type lesion - PARATYPHOID

35. Haemorrhage in ceca - E.tenella

36. Eechymotic haemorrhage — AIVAN INFLUENZA

37. Enlarged bursa of Fabricius
GUMBORO DISEASE

38. MUSCLES

Thigh muscle showing haemorrhage
GUMBORO DISEASE

39. REPRODUCTIVE TRACT

INFECTIOUS BRONCHITITS - shell less egg