awaress for mental health mental health.pptx

advocay mental health

1. U nderstanding M ental H ealth

2. What is mental health?

3. A state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community. M ental H ealth Source: World Health Organization

4. A state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity W ell being Source: World Health Organization

5. Physical - practicing healthy daily habits. Intellectual - engaging in creative and stimulating activities are ideal, helping to keep your mind sharp and your brain healthy and happy. Environmental - bring a sense of accomplishment and wellbeing to your own life. Vocational - enriching your life and that of others by sharing your special gifts, skills, and talents.  Social - Personal connections contribute to a long and fulfilling life.  Emotional - Expressing love and other emotions help achieve balance in the face of challenges. Spiritual - If you’re willing to seek meaning and purpose in your life with an open mind, you will likely find inner peace.

6. RA. 11036 otherwise known as the Mental Health Act was passed into law last June 20, 2019, is an act establishing a National Mental Health Policy for the Purpose of enhancing the delivery of integrated mental health services promoting and protecting the rights of persons utilizing psychiatric, neurologic and psychosocial health services, appropriating funds therefore, and for other purposes. mental health act

7. What causes mental health illness?

8. Stressful Life Events - social circumstances such as death and conflict can cause people to worry too much. Difficult Family Background - negative experiences such as neglect and violence can become precedent to develop mental illness. Brain Diseases - evidences links with the changes in the chemicals in the brain. Heredity or Genes - plays a part in the development of a mental disorder Medical Problems and Medicines - can trigger an event in a person to foreplay depression.

9. What are the classifications of mental health illness?

10. Mental Disorders - diagnosable illness that significantly interferes with an individual's thinking, feeling or social activities and even daily functioning , common disorders include depression and anxiety. Neurological Disorders - diseases of the central and peripheral nervous systems, examples are epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease Substance Abuse Disorders - all drugs that are taken in excess have direct intense activation on the reward system that are different from normal.

11. Public perceptions of mental Health/Illness 71% Due to emotional weakness 65% Caused by bad parenting 45% Victim's fault; can will it away 43% Incurable 35% Consequence of sinful behavior 10% Has a biological basis; involves the brain

12. A nxiety D isorder

13. 1 in 13 globally suffers from anxiety. The WHO reports that anxiety disorders are the most common mental disorders worldwide with specific phobia, major depressive disorder and social phobia being the most common anxiety disorders. (ADAA, 2018) The median age of onset for anxiety disorders is 11 years old. ( Bandelow , B. & Michaelis, S., 2015)

14. Stress is a non-specific response of the body to any demand made upon it. (Hans Selye, 1936) A state produced by a change in the environment that is perceived as challenging, threatening or damaging to the person’s dynamic equilibrium. ( Smeltzer , 1992) Eustress - positive Distress - negative and damaging

15. Fear is the emotional response to real or perceived imminent threat associated with surges of automatic arousal and escape behaviors Anxiety is the subjective response to stress. An unpleasant emotional state consisting of psychophysiological responses to anticipation of unreal unimagined danger, resulting from unrecognized source of conflict. Fear of the unknown.

16. Adaptation is a constant ongoing process that occurs a long time continuum beginning with birth and ending with death. ( Smeltzer , 1992) General Adaptation Syndrome Involves the body in response to stress Alarm Resistance Exhaustion Local Adaptation Syndrome Inflammatory response and repair processes that occur at the local site of injury.

17. Crisis is a situation that occurs when an individual’s habitual coping ability becomes ineffective to meet the demands of a situation. Serious interruption and disturbance of one’s equilibrium or homeostasis. Panic Attacks are sudden surge of overwhelming anxiety and fear. Typically lasts from 1 minute to 1 hour. Characterized with heart pounding , loss of breath and feeling like dying or going crazy. It strikes out of the blue, without warning and sometimes with no clear trigger, can occur even during sleep.

18. anxiety disorder A psychological condition when people suffer such a disabling fear and anxiety that they cannot lead normal lives. Symptoms are not attributable to physiological effects of a substance or medication or another medical condition or by other mental disorder.

19. F actors leading to anxiety disorder Trauma.  Children who endured abuse or trauma or witnessed traumatic events are at higher risk of developing an anxiety disorder at some point in life. Adults who experience a traumatic event also can develop anxiety disorders. Stress due to an illness.  Having a health condition or serious illness can cause significant worry about issues such as your treatment and your future. Stress buildup.  A big event or a buildup of smaller stressful life situations may trigger excessive anxiety — for example, a death in the family, work stress or ongoing worry about finances.

20. Personality.  People with certain personality types are more prone to anxiety disorders than others are. Other mental health disorders.  People with other mental health disorders, such as depression, often also have an anxiety disorder. Having blood relatives with an anxiety disorder.  Anxiety disorders can run in families. Drugs or alcohol.  Drug or alcohol use or misuse or withdrawal can cause or worsen anxiety.

21. Support Groups Some people with anxiety disorders might benefit from joining a self-help or support group and sharing their problems and achievements with others. Talking with a trusted friend or member of the clergy can also provide support, but it is not necessarily a sufficient alternative to care from a doctor or other health professional. Stress Management Techniques and Meditation can help people with anxiety disorders calm themselves and may enhance the effects of therapy. Research suggests that aerobic exercise can help some people manage their anxiety; however, exercise should not take the place of standard care and more research is needed.

22. ways Take a deep breath. “The first thing to do when you get anxious is to breathe,” said Tom Corboy , MFT, the founder and executive director of the OCD Center of Los Angeles. Accept that you’re anxious. Remember that “anxiety is just a feeling, like any other feeling,” said Deibler , also author of the Psych Central blog “Therapy That Works.” By reminding yourself that anxiety is simply an emotional reaction, you can start to accept it, Corboy said. Realize that your brain is playing tricks on you. Psychiatrist Kelli Hyland, M.D., has seen first-hand how a person’s brain can make them believe they’re dying of a heart attack when they’re actually having a panic attack. Question your thoughts. “When people are anxious, their brains start coming up with all sorts of outlandish ideas, many of which are highly unrealistic and unlikely to occur,” Corboy said. And these thoughts only heighten an individual’s already anxious state.

23. Use a calming visualization. Hyland suggested practicing the following meditation regularly, which will make it easier to access when you’re anxious in the moment. Be an observer — without judgment. Hyland gives her new patients a 3×5 index card with the following written on it: “Practice observing (thoughts, feelings, emotions, sensations, judgment) with compassion, or without judgment.” Use positive self-talk. Anxiety can produce a lot of negative chatter. Tell yourself “positive coping statements,” Deibler said. For instance, you might say, “this anxiety feels bad, but I can use strategies to manage it.” Focus on right now. “When people are anxious, they are usually obsessing about something that might occur in the future,” Corboy said. Instead, pause, breathe and pay attention to what’s happening right now, he said. Even if something serious is happening, focusing on the present moment will improve your ability to manage the situation, he added.

24. Focus on meaningful activities. When you’re feeling anxious, it’s also helpful to focus your attention on a “meaningful, goal-directed activity,” Corboy said. He suggested asking yourself what you’d be doing if you weren’t anxious.

25. D epression and S uicide

26. 13% of the total global burden of disease is MENTAL DISORDERS SUICIDE is the 2nd leading cause of death among youth aged 15-19 By 2030, DEPRESSION – leading cause of disease burden globally

27. Sadness Grief Feeling Low Behavioral Changes The word depression is used to mean many different things

28. State of feeling sad A serious medical condition in which a person feels very sad, hopeless, and unimportant and often is unable to live in a normal way. depression

29. biochemistry presence of “chemical imbalance” Neurotransmitters in the brain, particularly SEROTONIN which helps to regulate mood, maybe deficient or not effective enough Stress, alcohol or drugs, hormone changes can affect brain's delicate chemistry leading to imbalance

30. Genetic Factors

31. genetics Research shows that depression runs in the families

32. If one parent has depression, the child will have 10% to 25% risk If more family members are affected with depression: Greater risk If both parents: child risk doubles Family Studies Genetic Factors

33. Twin Studies Monozygotic Twins: 70 to 90% Dizygotic Twins: 16% to 35%

34. Personality Factors

35. personality People with low self-esteem, are easily overwhelmed with stress or who are generally pessimistic are more likely to experience depression

36. Psychosocial Factors

37. Continous exposure to violence, neglect, poverty or abuse may make people vulnerable to depression

38. A negative, stressful or unhappy family atmosphere can lead to depression

39. Dealing with bullying, harassment or peer pressure can contribute to developing depression because it can leave people feeling isolated, victimized and insecure

40. Life Events Death of a family member, a friend or a pet sometimes goes beyond normal grief Others: when parents divorce, separate or re-marry; or when boyfriend-girlfriend break-up

41. It is important to remember that we can't always identify the cause of depression or change difficult circumstances. The most important thing is to recognize the signs and symptoms and SEEK SUPPORT

42. Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day, as indicated by either subjective report (e.g., feels sad or empty) or observation made by others (e.g., appears tearful). significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain (e.g., a change of more than 5% of body weight in a month), or decrease or increase in appetite nearly every day Markedly diminished interest or pleasure in all, or almost all, activities most of the day, nearly every day Symptoms DSM V – Criteria for Major Depressive Disorder When does it become pathologic?

43. Sleep irregularities (Insomnia, hypersomnia) Fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day Psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day (observable by others, not merely subjective feelings of restlessness or being slowed down) Diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day (either by subjective account or as observed by others)

44. Recurrent thoughts of death (not just fear of dying), recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt or a specific plan for committing suicide Feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt (which may be delusional) nearly every day (not merely self-reproach or guilt about being sick) Hallucinations in Severe cases of MDD

45. SYMPTOMS MUST LAST FOR AT LEAST TWO WEEKS Remember! The symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning

46. 1 out of 16 people diagnosed with depression eventually commit suicide Risk of suicide in people with depression is 20 times greater than general population Suicide is preventable; some give warnings

47. Depression is treatable!! 80%-90% responds well to treatment

48. Treatment MEDICAL PSYCHOTHERAPY COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY SELF-HELP AND COPING

49. D rug A ddiction

50. What is a Drug? A  drug  is any substance (with the exception of food and water) which, when taken into the body, alters the body's function either physically and/or psychologically. Drugs may be legal (e.g. alcohol, caffeine and tobacco) or illegal (e.g. cannabis, ecstasy, cocaine and heroin).

51. Normal Brain Meth User

52. Addiction is a chronically relapsing Brain Disease characterized by: Compulsion to seek and take the drug Loss of control in limiting intake Continuing to take the drug despite negative consequences Emergence of a negative emotional state when access of drug is prevented.

53. Risk Factors for High-Risk Substance Use : Family history of substance use Favorable parental attitudes towards the behavior Poor parental monitoring Parental substance use Family rejection of sexual orientation or gender identity Association with delinquent or substance using peers Lack of school connectedness Low academic achievement Childhood sexual abuse Mental health issues https://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/substance-use/index.htm

54. Genetic Factors Children of alcoholic parents have are 4x more likely to become alcoholics than others 60% of alcoholics have positive family history of alcoholism