Azam AUW lecture 1 ppt importance of .pptx

Importance of policies

1. Capacity Building for Development of Policy Briefs: General Principles for NEDtP Members 25- 26 October 2021 Cairo, Egypt Introduction to policy : Policy, Public Policy, Education Policy Why are policies important Why certain policies are adopted Based on what factors are policies formulated

2. Outline U nderstanding policies Importance of policies Factors influencing policies

3. Understanding Policy Challenge starts from defining policies ! Policies are sometimes likened to “elephants” “ Defining policy is rather like the elephant – you know it when you see it but you cannot easily define it ” (Cunningham, 1963) Overlapping terms used interchangeably in different contexts! Policy, planning, strategy, management, politics Policy process is a crucial element in Educational Planning

4. What is POLICY? A definite course or method of action selected (by government, institution, group or individual) from among alternatives and in the light of given conditions to guide and, usually, to determine present and future decisions. Defined as : “ An explicit or implicit single decision or group of decisions which may set out directives for guiding future decisions, initiate or retard action, or guide implementation of Previous decisions” (Haddad & Demsky,1995 ) translates vision to action a functional framework for staff actions statement of intentions to guide decision-making regulates how citizens live in a community

5. Policy from a Holistic View

6. What is a social/public policy Courses of action adopted by governments and other important social organizations “Public policy is whatever governments choose to do or not to do” (Dye, 1972) Adoption or maintenance of an existing course of action Policy intention: “Health and health inequalities tell us a great deal about the good or bad effects of social policies” Michael Marmot Policy decisions in one sector interact with those in another e.g. Education and Health; Health and environment; health and housing ….

7. Educational Policy Refers to the collection of laws and rules that govern the operation of education systems. Plans and strategies for education introduced by the government Actions taken by governments concerning educational practices and the delivery of education. It encompasses a wide range of issues, including equity, quality of learning outcomes, and system capacity to prepare students for the future. Education policy implementation is a complex, evolving process that involves many stakeholders and can result in failure if not well targeted. It is therefore crucial to understand it, clarify its determinants and explore ways in which it can be more transparent and effective.

8. Why Policy? legislated requirement for elected officials framework for goal setting guides program design & service delivery rules and regulations for decisions principles that guide day-today actions

9. Why are policies important? Policies are integral to the success of any organization Provide guidelines that help employees understand what is expected of them and how they should conduct themselves in different situations. Policies are frameworks Guide decision-making processes, Establish rules and procedures, and ensure compliance with laws and regulations. Provide a structure that all employees can follow, promoting consistency and clarity in the workplace. Policies help: to establish a culture of compliance, ensuring that all employees are aware of their responsibilities and obligations to mitigate risk by providing a clear set of guidelines for employees to follow, reducing the likelihood of errors or misconduct. to promote fairness and consistency by ensuring that all employees are held to the same standards and expectations .

10. Why are policies important?.....cont. Policies provide a clear and concise framework for employees to follow, ensuring that everyone agrees and is working towards the same goals. Imagine a workplace without policies. Chaos would reign, and employees would be left to make decisions on their own, with no guidance or direction. This lack of structure would lead to confusion, mistakes, and a lack of accountability . Policies are important for: ESTABLISHING CONSISTENCY AND CLARITY ENHANCING DECISION-MAKING PROCESSES ENSURING COMPLIANCE WITH LAWS AND REGULATIONS PROMOTING A POSITIVE ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE

11. Why certain policies are adopted? Policy adoption is an important phase of the policy process in which policies are adopted by government bodies for future implementation. Policy is legitimized as a result of the public statements or actions of government officials; both elected and appointed—the president, Congress, state legislators, agency officials, and the courts.. ( PALAO.2013)

12. https://coggle.it/diagram/XwM3JrXjqLPP9VPH/t/factors-influencing-policy-adoption-decision Why certain policies are adopted

13. Based on what factors are policies formulated Public policy is a result of complex interactions among various stakeholders, each pushing for outcomes that align with their interests and objectives. The incremental nature of policy changes often results from these competing influences . Public policy is influenced by a variety of factors, including public opinion, economic conditions, new scientific findings, technological change, interest groups, NGOs, business lobbying, and political activity.

14. Based on what factors are policies formulated Cont …… Public Opinion: Public opinion significantly impacts public policy, particularly in areas like environmental concerns, energy prices, and climate change. This influence is exerted through electoral politics, citizen actions, and government decision-making . Economic Conditions: Economic factors play a crucial role in shaping policy. For instance, the Great Recession highlighted the need for public investments in energy efficiency and renewable energy to create jobs. Technological Change: Technological advancements directly and indirectly affect public policy. Innovations that lower costs and improve usability can increase public support for policies promoting renewable energy and environmental conservation. Interest Groups: These include business and trade associations, professional organizations, labor unions, environmental advocacy organizations, and citizen groups. They lobby for policies benefiting their members and missions. Business Associations: Business associations like the US Chamber of Commerce and the National Association of Manufacturers influence public policy through collective efforts. They advocate for policies that favor business interests. Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs): NGOs, which are not affiliated with the government, also try to influence public policy and business behavior. They play a significant role in supporting sustainable business activities and filling gaps left by government and private sector initiatives.

15. We Cannot please everyone..