B.PHARMACY 1-2computer appliction unit 2 assignment.pptx

Drug information storage and
retrieval, Pharmacokinetics, Mathematical model in Drug design, Hospital
and Clinical Pharmacy, Electronic Prescribing and discharge (EP) systems,
barcode medicine identification and automated dispensing of drugs, mobile
technology and adherence monitoring

1. WEB TECHNOLOGIES TOPICS COVERED In HTML, XML, CSS INTRODUCTION TO PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE’S INTRODUCTION TO DATABASE PHARMACY DRUG DATABASE

2. HTML,XML,CSS HTML AND XML ARE MARK-UP LANGUAGES . THESE MARK-UP LANGUAGES USES MARKUP TAGS TO DESCRIBE WEB PAGES .

3. MARKUP TAGS COME IN PAIRS i.e., START TAG AND END TAG . EXAMPLE: STATRT TAG IS <P> AND END TAG IS </P>. HTML FORMAT XML FORMAT

4. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE IN HTML, XML ? THE MAJOR DIFFERENCE IN BOTH THE LANGUAGES IS THAT XML WAS DESIGNED TO DECRIBE DATA AND HTML WAS DESIGNED TO DISPLAY DATA

5. WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF HTML AND XML? HTML HTML  is a significant tool for building up a site. It is a programming language used to describe the structure of information on a web page. HTML , CSS, and Javascript make up the essential building blocks of websites, CSS controls the look of a page, and Javascript programming its function. xml It is a default format for many office productivity tools like Microsoft Office. It provides robust, non – proprieority , persistant , and variable file format for the storage and transmission of data and text both on and off the web.

6. Css [cascading style sheets] Cascading style sheets describe how HTML elements will be displayed on the screen. Cascading Style Sheets is a style sheet language used for describing the presentation of a document written in a markup language like HTML.

7. CSS is used to design various styles for different web pages . It can be used to control the following elements. 1.Text color 2.font style 3.Spacing between paragraphs 4.Layout and size of column 5.background images 6.background colors 7.layouts design.

8. Programming languages A  programming language  is a  formal language , which comprises a  set of instructions  that produce various kinds of  output . Programming languages uses set of instructions that are provided to the computer to describe computations and generate executable programs

9. Syntax The  syntax  of a  computer language  is the set of rules that defines the combinations of symbols that are considered to be a correctly structured document or fragment in that language. A programming language's surface form is known as its  syntax . Programming languages provides a Linguistic framework for describing computations.

10. Characteristics of pragramming languages A programming language must be simple, easy to learn and use, have good readability and human recognizable. Each instruction of programming language should get converted into machine language instruction. A programming language must be consistent in terms of syntax and semantics . This language should be easy to understand and should use abbreviations and words that are used in everyday communications. This language should be written using common words and mathematical symbols.

11. 1. The first generation languages, or 1GL, are  low-level languages  that are  machine language . 2. The second-generation languages, or 2GL, are also low-level  assembly languages . They are sometimes used in  kernels  and hardware  drives , but more commonly used for video editing and video games. 3. The  third-generation languages , or 3GL, are  high-level languages , such as  C ,  C++ ,  Java ,  JavaScript , and  Visual Basic . 4. The fourth-generation languages, or 4GL, are languages that consist of statements similar to statements in a human language. Fourth generation languages are commonly used in database programming and scripts examples include  Perl ,  PHP ,  Python ,  Ruby , and  SQL . 5. The fifth-generation languages, or 5GL, are programming languages that contain visual tools to help develop a program. Examples of fifth generation languages include Mercury, OPS5, and  Prolog .

12. TOP PROGRAMING LANGUAGES JavaScript Python Java C/CPP Swift Ruby.

13. WORLDWIDE,MAY 2020 COMPARED TO LAST YEAR . Rank Change Language Share Trend 1 Python 31.17 % +4.3 % 2 Java 17.75 % -2.4 % 3 Javascript 7.99 % -0.3 % 4 C# 7.05 % -0.2 % 5 PHP 6.09 % -1.0 % 6 C/C++ 5.67 % -0.3 % 7 R 3.93 % -0.1 % 8 Objective-C 2.4 % -0.4 % 9 Swift 2.26 % -0.1 % 10 TypeScript 1.89 % +0.3 %

14. USES OF PRAGRAMMING LANGUAGES 1.Because each  language  is different, each may be best suited for a certain purpose or purposes within certain industries. 2.Some  programming languages  are used to create programs to solve problems or interpret data. 3.Other  programming languages  are more suitable for making create software or apps that entertain.

15. FUTURE OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES 1.Advancing technology promises that programming languages will continue to evolve. 2.Programmers continually face the challenges of protecting devices from viruses and developing applications that allow users to use their devices cohesively. 3. The newest programming languages will be faster and more intuitive with fewer errors and issues.  For example , R is one of the most recent programming languages and was designed by statisticians for data analysis .

16. Programming languages used by industry. Engineering: Objective-C Banking and Finance: Python Marketing : SQL Car Manufacturing: C Retail : JavaScript Security: C Media: C++ Healthcare : Java Science: MATLAB

17. 3.Introduction to database

18. What is a database A structured set of data held in a computer, especially one that is accessible in various ways . A database is a collection of information that is organized so that it can be easily accessed, managed and updated.Computer databases typically contain aggregations of data records or files. containing information about sales transactions or interactions with specific customers. DATA : Facsts and Statistics Collected Together for Reference Or Analysis and Retrieval whenever needed .

19. Database systems (examples.) IBM DB2 MICROSOFT EXCEL MICROSOFT ACCESS Teradata Oracle RDBMS -- most common database system SAP Sybase ASE These are some of the common examples of databases

20. Data base management systems DEFINITION : It is a Software that handles the Storage, Retrieval and Updating of data in a computer system.  Since there are so many database management systems available, it is important for there to be a way for them to communicate with each other. For this reason, most database software comes with an Open Database Connectivity ( ODBC ) driver that allows the database to integrate with other databases.  SQL (Structured Query language)is a standardized query language for requesting information from a database. The original version called SEQUEL (structured English query language) was designed by an IBM research center in 1974 and 1975. SQL contains both DDL (Data definition language) And DML (Data Manipulation Language) in it. So that it can Create, Alter, Delete, Comment, Merge and Update the data .

21.  The primary design challenge of today's relational DBMSs is to maintain data integrity, which protects the accuracy and consistency of the data, through a series of constraints and rules on the data to avoid duplication or data loss . DBMSs also control access to the database through authorization, implemented at various levels. For example, managers or administrators might have access to data that is not visible to other employees, or they may have the authorization to edit the data while some users can only view

22. Applications of dbms Universities Sales Telecommunication Manufacturing Airlines Pharmacy companies and for R&D These are some of the applications of dbms as dbms is used everywhere because data is very important for any sector.

23. Advantages of DBMS ADVANTAGES : DBMS offers a variety of techniques to store & retrieve data Uniform administration procedures for data Offers Data Integrity and Security Reduced Application Development Time

24. Disadvantages of DBMS Cost of Hardware and Software of a DBMS is quite high which increases the budget of your organization. Use of the same program at a time by many users sometimes lead to the loss of some data. Most database management systems are often complex systems, so the training for users to use the DBMS is required.

25. 4. Pharmacy drug database The databases for physicians and Healthcare professionals

26. So, lets discuss about some of the drug databases available for physicians and Healthcare professionals : So let’s begin: Dynamed : A clinical reference tool created by physicians for physicians and other healthcare professionals for use primarily at the 'point-of-care' with clinically -organizedd summaries. Essential evidence plus : An evidence-based, point-of-care clinical research database with access to information on pharmaceutical topics, guidelines, abstracts, and summaries. Credible meds :  Information and resources for consumers, healthcare professionals and research scientists who register to receive access to credible analyses of the scientific research on medications and their safe use.

27. 4. Drugs@fda :  A searchable catalog of FDA approved drug products both prescription and over the counter.  Includes information such as therapeutic equivalents and links to documents relating to approval. 5. FDA ORANGE BOOK : The Food & Drug Administration's Electronic Orange Book with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations enables searching of the approved drug list by active ingredient, proprietary name, applicant holder or applicant number. 6. Lactmed : LactMed is a peer-reviewed and fully referenced database of drugs to which breastfeeding mothers may be exposed. Information includes the drugs potential effects on infants and lactation.

28. 7. NEW MEDICINES IN DEVELOPMENT DATABASE : This database includes medicines currently in clinical trials or at FDA for review. Searchable  by drug name, indication, status, or company. 8. pharmacist’s letter : Monthly newsletter that provides information and updates for drugs and pharmacy practice . 9.   TGA DRUGS IN PREGNANCY : A database containing information about the potential risks and hazards associated with the use of specific drugs in pregnancy. 10. Toxnet : A suite of databases covering toxicology, environmental, health, and hazardous chemicals.

29. 11. India drug index This is a drug database by india The key feature of this drug data base is that it is available for everyone to use in the form of an mobile application It is the India's largest drug database used by Physicians, health care providers and pharmacists across the country. The app extensively covers over 3900+ drug entries,including the newly FDA-approved small molecules and 61.000+ generic brands marketed and prescribed all Over india App is very handy and is very useful for everyone.