Bacteria, Animal and Plant Cells

This presentation discusses the difference between bacteria, animal, and plant cells.

1. Structure, function, & growth of a cell By Ms. Sommer

2. What is a cell? A cell is the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known living organisms. It is the smallest unit of life that is classified as a living thing and is often called the “building block of life”” Cells have many parts, each with a different function. Some of these parts, called organelles, are specialized structures that perform certain tasks within the cell. The cell was discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665

3. What’s the difference between prokaryotes and Eukaryotes Prokaryotic cells were here first and for billions of years were the only form of life on Earth. All prokaryotic organisms are unicellular Eukaryotic cells appeared on earth long after prokaryotic cells but they are much more advanced. Eukaryotic organisms unlike prokaryotic can be unicellular or multicellular

4. The Prokaryotic Cell .1-10um

5. Prokaryotes Pro- means before, Karyote - means kernel Prokaryotes do NOT have a nucleus so their genetic material is dispersed throughout the cytoplasm S ingle stranded DNA No membrane bound organelles They have a cell wall that helps separate the inside and outside of the cell. Some prokaryotic cells have external whip-like flagella for movement or hair like pili for adhesion They are smaller than Eukaryotes and are unicellular Contains 4 main parts: genetic information , cytoplasm , cell membranes , and ribosomes

6. Eukaryotic Cell 10-100um

7. Eukaryotic cells Eu - true Karyote -(kernel) nucleus Eukaryotes are more advanced and bigger than prokaryotes. They are found in plants, animals, protists , and fungi. Eukaryotic cells are unicellular and multi-cellular The cell is composed of 5 main parts: 1. Cell Membrane - the semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell 2. Cytoplasm -rich protein fluid with gel-like consistency that houses organelles 3 . Nucleus- “control center” of cell, houses DNA 4. Ribosomes- Make proteins 5 . Membrane bound Organelles- small structures that carry out specific functions(little organs) ex: Golgi, RER, SER, Mitochondria, etc

8. Reflect with a partner Did the prokaryotic cell come before the Eukaryotic cell ? What are some similarities between both cells ? What are some differences?

9. Usually found in the center of the cell Contains the cells genetic (DNA) information The nucleus houses DNA in 2 forms 1. Chromatin - mass of DNA that condense to form chromosomes 2 . Chromosomes –structures that contain information to make new cells (looks like an X) Also contains an organelle called the Nucleolus that makes the cells ribosomes Nucleus

10. Reflect with a partner What does semi permeable mean? what does the cell membrane do? What does the nucleus contain inside its organelle? What does the mitochondria provide?

11. Ribosomes Cells need to make proteins. Those proteins might be used as enzymes or as support for other cell functions. Ribosomes are the protein builders or the protein synthesizers for the cell.

12. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) A network of interconnected membranes forming channels within the cell Covered with ribosomes (causing the rough appearance ) which are in the process of synthesizing (producing) proteins for secretion (to leave organelle)

13. Reflect with a partner What is the function of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum(RER )? What are Ribosomes? What is the function of the Golgi apparatus ? What’s the difference between the RER and Golgi?

14. Cell Wall The cell wall provides extra support for the cell and gives it a shape. Cell walls are found in eukaryotic plant and prokaryotic cells Cell walls are NOT found in Animal cells

15. Reflect with a partner What do Lysosomes do ? What is the responsibility of chloroplasts? Do humans have them ? What does the cell wall provide for the plant cell?

16. Vacuole Vacuoles  are storage bubbles found in cells. They are found in both animal and plant cells but are much larger in plant cells.  Vacuoles store food, nutrients, and waste products so the rest of the cell is protected from contamination .

17. Flagella and Cilia Flagella (long and moves side to side) and Cilia (shorter and there are a lot move back and forth): Both aid in movement

18. Cytoskeleton The Cytoskeleton are fibers that run through the cytoplasm. They give it rigidity but allows the cell to move Microtubules are straight hollow tubes they are more rigid and keep the cell organized Microfilaments are thinner solid rods that allow the cell to move and change shape when needed

19. Cytoplasm They cytoplasm is the fluid that fills the inside of the cell. - Cyto - cell, Plasm- fluid A thick solution that fills each cell and is enclosed by the cell membrane. It is mainly composed of water, salts, and proteins . In eukaryotic cells, the cytoplasm includes all of the material inside the cell and outside of the nucleus Acts like the “blood” by circulating nutrients around the cell

20. Reflect with a partner How do the organelles within the cell relate to the organs in our body ? List as many organelles that you can . Which organelles are located within the plant cell but not the animal cell?

21. Animal cell vs Plant cell ANIMAL CELL Cell membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Chromosomes Mitochondria Nuclear membrane Small Vacuoles Lysosomes- digestive enzyme Centrioles- spindle fibers for cell division Round shape cell PLANT CELL Cell wall- made of chitin or cellulose Cell membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Chloroplasts-organelles contain chlorophyll that capture sunlight to make glucose (energy)for cell Large Central Vacuole-where water, food, and other chemicals are stored Mitochondria Nuclear Membrane Chromosomes Box shaped cell

22. Animal Cell and Plant cell comparison 1

23. Animal cell and plant cell comparison 2

24. Animal Cell and Plant Cell differences

25. Reflect with a partner What are some similarities between animal and plant cells? What are some differences?