Bacterial toxin

Bacterial toxins are toxic substances that are produced and released by bacteria to target other bacterial or host cells.

1. UNIVERSITY OF RAJASTHAN DR. B. LAL INSTITUTE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY M.Sc (Microbiology) Semester II SEMINAR REPORT BACTERIAL TOXIN Submitted By :- Submitted to:- Vishnu Kumar Sharma Ms. Rinki Mishra

2. CONTENT :- INTRODUCTION CLASSIFICATION DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ENDOTOXIN & EXOTOXIN IMPORTANT BACTERIAL SECRETING TOXINS MODE OF ACTION OF IMPORTANT TOXINS

3. Bacterial toxins are toxic substances that are produced and released by bacteria to target other bacterial or host cells . Bacteria often have antitoxins to avoid the deleterious effects of toxins . Toxins were the first bacterial virulence factors to be identified. It is one of main mechanisms of developing diseases by bacteria. BACTERIAL TOXIN:-

4. CLASSIFICATION:-

5. Difference between Endotoxin & Exotoxin:-

6. IMPORTANT BACTERIAL SECRETING TOXINS:- 1.   Corynebacterium diphtheriae:- Strains that carry a temperate bacteriophage are toxigenic causes diphtheria. Exotoxin inhibits protein synthesis and causes cell death. Causes diphtheria. 2.   Clostridium tetani .:-Exotoxin blocks action of inhibitory neurones of spinal cord. Causes tetanus. 3.   Clostridium perfringens:- (a) Causes gas gangrene. Exotoxin (alpha toxin) has lacithinase activity and thereby causes cell death, (b) Enterotoxin causes hyper secretion of water and electrolytes in diarrhoea. 4.     Clostridium botulinum:- Exotoxin causes paralysis of deglutination and respiratory muscles. It blocks release of acetylcholine of synapses and neuromuscular junctions. Causes botulism.

7. 5.   Vibrio cholerae 01 and 0139:- Enterotoxin (Exotoxin) causes hyper secretion of water and electrolytes within gut in diarrhoea. 6.   Enterotoxigenic E. coll.:- Produce enterotoxin (LT- heat labile exotoxin) causes hypersecretion of water and electrolytes within gut. 7.   Shigella dysenteriae type 1 (Shiga bacillus ):- Exotoxin causes acute inflammation.

8. MODE OF ACTION OF IMPORTANT TOXINS:- Diphtheria toxin:

9. Botulinum toxin:- 1. 2.

10. Cholera Toxin:-

11. REFERENCES:- http://generalbacteriology.weebly.com Pommerville JC. Alcamo’s Fundamentals of Microbiology: Body Systems. Jones & Bartlett Learning, 2009; p626 . http://slideplayer.com http://www.chirit.com/en/th_botulinum.php http://slideplayer.com/slide/9769367/ https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-microbiology/chapter/damaging-host-cells/ http://crdd.osdd.net/raghava/btxpred/ http://www.pharmamicroresources.com/2017/03/the-science-behind-detox-fad.html