Bacterial vaccines

Comprehensive view to bacterial vaccines and their types.

1. Bacterial vaccines &
their evaluation

2. Composed and Presented By
TEAN ZAHEER
2013-ag-2605
DVM, FVS, UAF.

3. Bacterial Vaccines
 Injection of a weakened/ killed microbe in order to
stimulate the immune system against the microbe,
thereby preventing disease.
Vaccinations, or immunizations, work by stimulating the
immune system.
Bacterial diseases can be prevented by the use of
immunizations.
Active immunity is induced by vaccines prepared from
bacteria or their products.

4. How Bacterial Vaccines Work?

5. Types of bacterial vaccines
A-Capsular polysaccharide vaccines
B-Toxoid vaccines
C-Purified protein vaccines or ppd
D-Live attenuated bacterial vaccines
E-Killed bacterial vaccines

6. A CAPSULAR
POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINES
These are a type of subunit vaccines which are
prepared by the use of capsular polysaccharides
of bacteria.
Examples:
(1)Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccine contains
the capsular polysaccharides of the 23 most
prevalent types.
(2)Neisseria meningitidis vaccine contains capsular
polysaccharide of four important types (A, C, W-
135 and y).
(3)Other examples: Salmonella typhi & Haemopilus
influenza.

7. B. Toxoid Vaccines :
Toxoids are actually inactivated toxins
Inactivation may be done by the use of
formalin, heat, BPL.
EXAMPLES
(1)Corynebacterium diphtheriae vaccine
contains the toxoid (formaldehyde-treated
exotoxin).
(2)Other examples Clostridium tetani, Bordetella
pertusis

8. C. PURIFIED PROTEIN
VACCINES :
These are the vaccines that are composed of some
purified protein component of bacteria
Examples:
 The vaccine against Lyme disease contains a
purified outer surface protein (OspA) of Borrelia
burgdorferi as the immunogen.
 Bacillus anthracis vaccine contains "protective
antigen" purified from the organism.
Other Examples:
Bordetella pertussis

9. D. LIVE. ATTENUATED BACTERIAL
VACCINES:
These vaccines are produced by
weakening a live bacterial cell in such
a way that it loses pathogenicity but
retains immunogenicity.
Example:
Mycobacterium bovis, Salmonella typhi

10. E. KILLED BACTERIAL
VACCINES:
The microorganism is killed in such a
way that it retains its immunogenicity
 Examples:
Vibrio cholera, Yersinia pestis, Coxiella

burnetii

11. EVALUATION OF BACTERIAL
VACCINES
Evaluation of bacterial vaccines may
involve the followings:
1. Safety Test:
Determines that the vaccine is safe to
use for the purpose it is developed.
It may involve initial testing in lab animals
and later on in humans volunteers.
Allergic reactions can be recorded.

12. EVALUATION OF BACTERIAL
VACCINES
2. Sterility Test:
Determines that vaccines contain only the vaccine
agent or other intentionally added immunogenic
constituents.
No contaminant( E.g other bacteria, fungi, etc.)
should be the part of vaccine.
It is done by culturing the preparations on different
culture media to identify contaminants.

13. EVALUATION OF BACTERIAL
VACCINES
3. Potency Test
Determines the effectiveness of vaccines so that
detectable and protectable Ab titers may be
achieved.
It is performed by injecting different dose of vaccines
to lab animals and then identifying a potent dose.