Badara

1. Badara – Zizypus Sativa

2. Badara – Zizypus Sativa It is a thorny tree grows upto 10- 12 mtrs. Found in all parts of India, charaka used the term Badara in his vargas while Susruta termed as Badari.

3. Vernacular Names:- San:- Badara Hin :- Bera Tel:- Regu Chettu Kan:- Bare hannu

4. Synonames :- Souviram :- Originates in Suvira desa Badari:-Influences strength, sperm count Karkandu :- wears spines Gosta :- Plesant to mind by its taste Koli :- even grows in dry land Phenilam :- Increases kapha Kuvalm :- it occupies max space

5. Kula :- Badara Family :- Rhamnaceae Gana :- Charaka - Hrudya, Swedopaga Virechanopaga, Chardinigrahana Sushruta - Nyagrodadi Vagbata – Nyagrodadi

6. Varieties :- Bhavamisra described 3 varieties:- 1. Karkandu - Z. Nummularia 2. Sauvira - Z. Sativa 3. Kola- Z. Jujuba Rajanigantu :- 4. Ghonta - Z.Xylopyra others - 5. Valli Badara- Z. Oenoplea

7. In India, there are 90 or more cultivars differing in the habit of the tree, leaf shape, fruit form, size, color, flavor, keeping quality, and fruiting season. Among the important cultivars, eleven are described in the encyclopaedic   Wealth of India:  ' Banarasi   (or Banarsi )  Pewandi ', ' Dandan ', ' Kaithli '  (' Patham '),  ' Muria Mahrara ', ' Narikelee ', ' Nazuk ', ' Sanauri 1', ' Sanauri 5', ' Thornless ' and ' Umran '  (' Umri '). The skin of most is smooth and greenish-yellow to yellow.

8. Habitate :- India, Iran, China, Afghanistan

9. Morphology:- The plant may be a bushy shrub 4 to 6 ft (1.2-1.8 m) high, or a tree 10 to 30 or even 40 ft (3-9 or 12 m) tall; erect set with short, sharp straight or hooked spines. It may be evergreen, or leafless for several weeks in hot summers. The leaves are alternate, ovate- or oblong-elliptic, 1 to 2 1/2 in (2.5-6.25 cm) long, 3/4 to 1 1/2 in (2-4 cm) wide. The 5-petalled flowers are yellow, tiny, in 2's or 3's in the leaf axils. The fruit of wild trees is 1/2 to 1 in (1.25-2.5 cm) long. May reach 2 1/2 in (6.25 cm) in length and 1 3/4 in (4.5 cm) in width.It may be oval, obviate, round or oblong; the skin smooth or rough, glossy, thin but tough, turns from light-green to yellow, later becomes partially or wholly burnt-orange or red-brown or all-red. When slightly under ripe, the flesh is white, crisp, juicy, acid or sub acid to sweet, somewhat astringent. At first the aroma is apple like and pleasant but it becomes peculiarly musky as the fruit ages. There is a single, hard, oval or oblate, rough central stone which contains 2 elliptic, brown seeds, 1/4 in (6 mm) long.

10. Ziziphus . Jujuba - Kola

11. Zizipus Sativa- Sauvira

12. Zizipus nummularia - Karkandu

13. Zizipus oenoplea - Valli Badara

14. Zizipus Xylopyra - Gonta

15. Chemical Composition:- Bark :- leucocynaidin , mauritines Fruit :- jujubogenin , zeatin , saponin Leaves :- Rutin , yuziphine ,

16. Properties:- Rasa:- Madura, Amla , Kasaya Veerya :- Sheeta Vipaka :- Madura Guna :- Guru, Snigda , Picchila

17. Dosha Karma:- Vatapittahara

18. Functions Acc to Diff Scholars Charaka :- 1.Arsha:- sitting in badarakwata subsides pain 2.Atisara:- Kwata+Dadhi+Dadimarasa+Thila = pana 3.Kasa, Swarabeda :- Grthabarjitas Patrakalka + Sindava Sushruta :- 1.Atisara:- Moolatwakchurna+madhu Vagbata :- 1.Kasa:- Beejachurna + Dugda+madhu Sharangadhar :- 1.Raktatisara:- Moolakalka+Tilakalka+madhu+yavakshara Bhavaprakash :- 1.Bhasmaka:- Beejachurna+ jala

19. Useful Part:- Moolatwak Phala Patra

20. Dosage:- Moolakwath :- 50-100 ml Beeja churna :- 3-6 gms

21. Special preparations:- Badarsava

22. Cotations :- बदरम मदुरम स्निग्दम भेदनम वातपित्तजित तत्सूक्ष्मम कफवातघ्नम पित्ते न च विरुद्यते [ C. Su. 27 ]