Baker adem ethics for nurse for Nursing students

Ethics

1. RIFT VALLEY UNIVERSIT, NURSING DEPARTMENT APPLYING INFECTION PREVENTION TECHNIQUES AND WORKPLACE OHS BY: BEKAR ADEM (LECTURER) Asella, Ethiopia January,2024 RIFT VALLEY UNIVERSITY YUNIVARSIITII RIIVITI VALLEY ሪፍት ቫሊ ዩኒቨርሲቲ 1/1/2024 BY:-Bekar.A.(Lecturer) 1

2. Apply infection prevention techniques 1/1/2024 BY:-Bekar.A.(Lecturer) 2

3. At the end of this chapter, you will be able to ; L ist Essential elements of infection prevention Apply Universal precaution and standard precaution Apply additional precautions Describe methods of minimizing Contamination of materials, equipment and instruments Apply Instrument processing Managing Infectious/hazardous waste List Personal protective materials Apply Proper hand washing techniques 3 BY:-Bekar.A.(Lecturer) 1/1/2024

4. Microbiology is the name of the science that studies organisms too small to be seen without a microscope. While most microorganisms are beneficial, some cause disease. These are called pathogens (germs). 1/1/2024 BY:-Bekar.A.(Lecturer) 4

5. Break out : 3 min List types of microorganism ? 5 By Bekar.A(Lecturer)

6. Types of microorganism Bacteria Fungus Protozoa Virus 1/1/2024 BY:-Bekar.A.(Lecturer) 6

7. Definition of terms Microorganisms are the causative agents of infection: Bacteria, Fungi or Parasites Colonization is the presence and multiplication of a microorganisms without tissue invasion or damage Infection means that the colonizing organisms are now causing Cellular response Infection prevention - prevent the spread of infection B/n the susceptible host & Microorganisms by using d/t techniques. 7 BY:-Bekar.A.(Lecturer) 1/1/2024

8. BACTERIA Round-shaped bacteria are called cocci rod-shaped bacteria are called bacilli spiral or corkscrew shapes are called spirilla The disease each causes is linked to the way it is organized into pairs, chains, etc. 1/1/2024 BY:-Bekar.A.(Lecturer) 8

9. FUNGI T ype of microorganism which live on dead matter and cause the following disorders ringworm thrush athletes foot 1/1/2024 BY:-Bekar.A.(Lecturer) 9

10. PROTOZOA T ype of microorganism which is found in contaminated water supplies. They are sometimes carried by insects such as the mosquito, and cause diseases such as malaria and amebic dysentery. 1/1/2024 BY:-Bekar.A.(Lecturer) 10

11. The smallest type of microorganism is called a virus. A virus is very difficult to destroy, and is spread by contact with blood or body fluids. A sneeze spread the common cold virus. Medication only relieves some of the symptoms, but doesn’t kill the virus. 1/1/2024 BY:-Bekar.A.(Lecturer) 11

12. Break out : 3 min What Pathogens needs to grow ? 12 By Bekar.A(Lecturer)

13. P athogens need favorable conditions to grow T he right temperature, The right pH (alkalinity or acidity ) F ood M oisture , and O xygen for aerobic microbes or no oxygen for anaerobic microbes. 1/1/2024 BY:-Bekar.A.(Lecturer) 13

14. INFECTION 1/1/2024 BY:-Bekar.A.(Lecturer) 14

15. When pathogens increase in number enough to alter the functioning of normal tissues, and infection results. Some infections are contagious… and can be spread to others. 1/1/2024 BY:-Bekar.A.(Lecturer) 15

16. Break out : 3 min What is common symptoms of infection ? 16 By Bekar.A(Lecturer)

17. symptoms of infection R edness S welling T enderness W armth D rainage 1/1/2024 BY:-Bekar.A.(Lecturer) 17

18. T ypes of infections Endogenous infections:- develop within the patient who is in a weakened state. The infectious agent was already present in the body, but not apparent. Exogenous infections:- originate outside the body, such as from that mosquito-transmitted malaria protozoa or the pathogens emitted from a sneeze . Nosocomial infection :- When patients treated in a health care facility get an infection unrelated to their current illness 1/1/2024 BY:-Bekar.A.(Lecturer) 18

19. Chain of infection Pathogen A place where pathogens can live. Living objects such as humans or insects or fomites… a non-living object such as a book. A means of escape, such as the respiratory tract, skin, blood, gastro-intestinal tract, and mucous membranes. The way a pathogen travels… either by direct contact or by airborne droplet. A place of entry, the same as the means of escape PLUS damaged or injured skin. A host that does not resist the infection or may have an immunity to it. 1/1/2024 BY:-Bekar.A.(Lecturer) 19

20. M ethods to prevent the growth of pathogens Antiseptics such as alcohol or the iodine-based betadine can be applied to the skin. Rarely used on the skin because they can cause irritation, strong 1/1/2024 BY:-Bekar.A.(Lecturer) 20

21. C hemical disinfectants such as bleach kills pathogens on objects. 1/1/2024 BY:-Bekar.A.(Lecturer) 21

22. Sterilization kills microbes when objects are placed in an autoclave and subjected to steam under pressure. 1/1/2024 BY:-Bekar.A.(Lecturer) 22

23. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), a division of the U.S. Department of Labor, establishes and enforces workplace safety standards in order to prevent accidents and injury. Health care providers must comply with all OSHA regulations. 1/1/2024 BY:-Bekar.A.(Lecturer) 23

24. OSHA’s Hazard Communication Program requires that employees are aware of what chemicals or hazards are in the environment, where and how they are stored, how to read and understand the labels, how to clean up spills of these materials, and what personal protective equipment is required. 1/1/2024 BY:-Bekar.A.(Lecturer) 24

25. Break out : 3 min What are principles of infection prevention ? 25 By Bekar.A(Lecturer)

26. Infection Prevention 1/1/2024 BY:-Bekar.A.(Lecturer) 26 - is a systematic effort or process of placing barriers b/n a susceptible host (person lacking effective natural or acquired protection) and the microorganism Proper infection prevention practices are fundamental to quality of care, and essential to protect health care providers, patients, and communities

27. Cont’d.… 1/1/2024 BY:-Bekar.A.(Lecturer) 27 T he R ecommended Principles of infection prevention are : Consider every person potentially infectious and susceptible to infection Washing hands before and after any procedure is the most practical procedure for preventing cross-contamination Using PPE to provide barriers, if spills of any blood, body fluids, secretions or excretions are anticipated

28. 1/1/2024 BY:-Bekar.A.(Lecturer) 28 Using antiseptic agents for cleaning the skin or mucous membrane prior to surgery, cleaning wounds, or doing hand rubs or surgical hand scrub Routinely cleaning and disinfecting equipment and furniture in patient care areas Disposing contaminated materials and contaminated waste properly

29. Aseptic and Sterile techniques 1/1/2024 BY:-Bekar.A.(Lecturer) 29 Aseptic and sterile techniques are principles and are carried out primarily to prevent the transmission of microorganisms that can cause infection Aseptic techniques ( Asepsis) is the techniques of keeping the work area and personnel as free from microorganisms as possible with the intent of protecting the patient and the caregiver

30. 1/1/2024 BY:-Bekar.A.(Lecturer) 30 Sterile technique: refers to creating and working within the sterile field to protect the patient during invasive procedures --microorganisms in the sterile field are kept to an irreducible minimum Sterile items should be used to prevent the introduction of pathogens into the patient’s body

31. Thank you all !!! 1/1/2024 BY:-Bekar.A.(Lecturer) 31