Balanced diet and RDA IN INDIA

This is a most basic presentation on balanced diet and RDA. Unfortunately the basic requirements are easily forgotten and right kind of nutrition education is thus not provided to population. Remembering the right requirement in vulnerable periods is of utmost important to prevent the occurrence of deficiency and its deleterious effects

1. DR.HARIVANSH CHOPRA M.D.,D.C.H. PROFESSOR & EX. HOD DEPT.OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE L.L.R.M.MEDICAL COLLEGE,MEERUT BALANCED DIET AND RECOMMENDED DAILY ALLOWANCES [email protected]

2. [email protected] To study the definition of balanced diet. To study the goals of balanced diet. To study different conversion factors To study RDA for different vulnerable groups and Reference man and woman. Objectives 31/08/20 2

3. [email protected] NUTRITION IS DEFINED AS ADYNAMIC PROCESS IN WHICH FOOD EATEN IS UTILIZED FOR NURTURING THE BODY. DIET CONSISTS OF FOOD FOOD IS A MIXTURE OF FOOD STUFF FOODSTUFF ANY SUBSTANCE WHICH CONTAINS NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS . food factor" is used for specific dietary constituents such as proteins, vitamins and minerals. 31/08/20 3

4. [email protected] A diet which provides all essential nutrients in the quantities and proportions recommended for the person considering his/her age, sex, occupation and physiological conditions. Definition 31/08/20 4

5. [email protected] The need for nutrients should be adequately met for maintaining health, vitality and general well-being. Definition 31/08/20 5

6. [email protected] It should also include a provision for contingencies like short term illnesses. Definition 31/08/20 6

7. [email protected] The daily requirement of protein should amount to 15-20 % of daily energy intake. Fats should be limited to 20-30 % of the daily energy intake. Carbohydrates rich in natural fibre should constitute remaining food energy Principles 31/08/20 7

8. [email protected] DIETARY GOALS 31/08/20 8

9. [email protected] The dietary goals recommended by the various Expert Committees of WHO – Dietary fat should be limited to approximately 20-30% of total daily intake. Prudent Diet 31/08/20 9

10. [email protected] Saturated fats should contribute not more than 10 % of the total energy intake; Unsaturated vegetable oils should be substituted for the remaining fat requirement. Prudent Diet 31/08/20 10

11. [email protected] Excessive consumption of refined carbohydrate should be avoided. Some amount of carbohydrate rich in natural fibre should be taken. Prudent Diet 31/08/20 11

12. [email protected] Salt intake should be reduced to an average of not more than 5 g per day. Protein should account for approximately 15-20% of the daily intake. Prudent Diet 31/08/20 12

13. [email protected] Junk foods such as colas, ketchups and other foods that supply empty calories should be reduced. Prudent Diet 31/08/20 13

14. [email protected] Sources rich in energy such as fats and alcohol should be restricted. Prudent Diet 31/08/20 14

15. [email protected] It is defined as the amounts of nutrient sufficient for the maintenance of health in nearly all people. They are reference standards of nutritional intakes. Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) 31/08/20 15

16. [email protected] For all nutrients, except energy, estimates of allowances are based on the defined “ Minimum Requirement" plus a safety margin, often generous, for individual variation and stresses of everyday life. Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) 31/08/20 16

17. [email protected] In some cases, this has entailed adding to the observed mean, twice the standard deviation of the distribution of minimum requirement for the subjects measured. Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) 31/08/20 17

18. [email protected] This value will more than meet the requirement of 97.5 per cent of population. The recommended intake of nutrients does not apply to sick people. Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) 31/08/20 18

19. [email protected] WEIGHT (kg) AGE (Years) OCCUPATION B.M.R. kcal/hr/m 2 SURFACE AREA (m 2 ) 60 20--39 SEDENTERY 35.5 1.62 REFERENCE MAN 31/08/20 19

20. [email protected] WEIGHT (kg) AGE (Years) OCCUPATION HEIGHT (m) BMI (kg/m 2 ) 60 18--29 SEDENTERY 1.73 20.3 REFERENCE MAN 31/08/20 20

21. [email protected] WEIGHT (kg) 50 AGE (Years 20-39 OCCUPATION SEDENTERY B.M.R. kcal/hr/m 2 31.6 SURFACE AREA m 2 1.40 REFERENCE WOMAN 31/08/20 21

22. [email protected] WEIGHT (kg) 55 AGE (Years) 18-29 OCCUPATION SEDENTERY HEIGHT (m) 1.61 BMI (kg/m 2 ) 21.2 REFERENCE WOMAN 31/08/20 22

23. [email protected] The energy value of foods has long been expressed in terms of the kilo-calorie (kcal). The kilo-calorie is generally expressed as "Calorie"-written with a capital "C" . This has been replaced by the "joule" expressed as J, which has been accepted internationally. Measurement of Energy 31/08/20 23

24. [email protected] The dietary sources of energy are: proteins, fat and carbohydrate. They supply energy at the following rates: Proteins - 4 kcal/g (or 17 kJ) Fat - 9 kcal/g (or 37 kJ) Carbohydrate - 4 kcal/g (or 17 kJ) Measurement of Energy 31/08/20 24

25. [email protected] The conversion factors are as follows: 1 kcal = 4184J; 1 KJ = 0.239 kcal 1 kcal = 4.184 kJ; 1000KJ = 239 kcal 1000 kcal = 4.184 MJ; 1 MJ = 239 kcal (where MJ means million joules) Measurement of Energy 31/08/20 25

26. [email protected] The energy requirement of an individual might be defined as that level of energy intake in relation to expenditure which is least likely to result in obesity or heart disease or which is most likely to prolong active life. Energy Requirements 31/08/20 26

27. [email protected] Energy Balance 31/08/20 27

28. [email protected] Broadly, the total energy requirement of an individual is made up of three components: Energy required for basal metabolism. This is about 1 kcal/hour for every kg of body weight for an adult. Energy Balance 31/08/20 28

29. [email protected] Energy required for daily activities such as walking, sitting, standing, dressing, climbing stairs, etc. Energy expenditure for occupational work. Energy Balance 31/08/20 29

30. [email protected] Age Sex Working condition Body composition Physical activity Physiological state Factors Affecting Energy Requirement 31/08/20 30

31. RDA Recommended Dietary Allowance

32. [email protected] Writer Typist Teacher Peon Postman Barber Executive LIGHT WORKER 31/08/20 32

33. [email protected] Carpenter Shoemaker Potter Goldsmith Rickshawpuller Driver Weaver Moderate Worker 31/08/20 33

34. [email protected] Woodcutter Stone cutter Blacksmith Mineworker Heavy Worker 31/08/20 34

35. [email protected] MAN SEDENTARY ---- 2425 kcal/day MODERATE ---- 2875 kcal/day HEAVY ---- 3800 kcal/day NET ENERGY 31/08/20 35

36. [email protected] MAN SEDENTARY ---- 2318 kcal/day MODERATE ---- 2727 kcal/day HEAVY ---- 3485 kcal/day NET ENERGY 31/08/20 36

37. [email protected] FEMALE SEDENTARY ----1875 kcal/day MODERATE ----2225 kcal/day HEAVY ----2925 kcal/day NET ENERGY 31/08/20 37

38. [email protected] FEMALE SEDENTARY ----1899 kcal/day MODERATE ----2234 kcal/day HEAVY ----2854 kcal/day NET ENERGY 31/08/20 38

39. [email protected] The requirement in infancy is 110 kcal/kg/day on an average. At the age of one year at 10 kg, the total energy requirement is 1100 kcal. From 10 – 20 kg add 50 kcal/kg, so at 20 kg, the requirement is 1600 kcal. CALCULATION OF ENERGY REQUIREMENT 31/08/20 39

40. [email protected] From 20-60 kg add 20 kcal/kg, so at 60 kg the requirement will be 2400 kcal, equivalent to that of Indian Reference Male. The only limitation of this formula is that the requirement in late adolescents is more than in children as well as adults. CALCULATION OF ENERGY REQUIREMENT 31/08/20 40

41. [email protected] 1 gm/kg/day Protein 31/08/20 41

42. [email protected] MAN/WOMAN SEDENTARY MODERATE HEAVY 20g/day Fat 31/08/20 42

43. [email protected] 30g/day Fat 40g/day 25g/day 31/08/20 43

44. [email protected] 25g/day Fat 30g/day 20g/day 31/08/20 44

45. [email protected] 400 mg/day Calcium 31/08/20 45

46. [email protected] 600 mg/day Calcium 31/08/20 46

47. [email protected] 28 mg/day Iron 31/08/20 47

48. [email protected] 17 mg/day Iron 31/08/20 48

49. [email protected] WOMAN SEDENTARY MODERATE HEAVY 30 mg/day Iron 31/08/20 49

50. [email protected] WOMAN SEDENTARY MODERATE HEAVY 21 mg/day Iron 31/08/20 50

51. [email protected] +300kcal/day 30g/day +15 g/day 1000mg/day 38mg/day PREGNANCY 31/08/20 51

52. [email protected] +350kcal/day 30g/day +23 g/day 1200mg/day 35mg/day PREGNANCY 31/08/20 52

53. [email protected] 0-6 MONTHS ENERGY PROTEIN FAT IRON CALCIUM +550kcal/day +25g/day 45g/day 1000mg/day 30mg/day LACTATION 31/08/20 53

54. [email protected] 0-6 MONTHS ENERGY PROTEIN FAT IRON CALCIUM +600kcal/day +19g/day 30g/day 1200mg/day 21mg/day LACTATION 31/08/20 54

55. [email protected] 6-12 months ENERGY PROTEIN FAT IRON CALCIUM +400kcal/day +18g/day 45g/day 1000mg/day 30mg/day LACTATION 31/08/20 55

56. [email protected] 6-12 months ENERGY PROTEIN FAT IRON CALCIUM +520kcal/day +13g/day 30g/day 1200mg/day 21mg/day LACTATION 31/08/20 56

57. [email protected] 0-6 months ENERGY PROTEIN CALCIUM 108/kg 2.05g/kg/day 500 mg/day INFANTS 31/08/20 57

58. [email protected] 0-6 months ENERGY PROTEIN CALCIUM 92/kg 1.16g/kg/day 500 mg/day INFANTS 31/08/20 58