balutan.ppt Perstuan Pengakap latihan balutan.

Pengakap

1. PERTOLONGAN CEMASPERTOLONGAN CEMAS
(FIRST AID)(FIRST AID)
DOLIDIAS MalaysiaDOLIDIAS Malaysia
No. 21, Jalan P9B/10, Presint 9, 62500 PutrajayaNo. 21, Jalan P9B/10, Presint 9, 62500 Putrajaya
Tel/Fax [phone] . Cellphone 012 635 3070 . www.mainayaq.comTel/Fax [phone] . Cellphone 012 635 3070 . www.mainayaq.com
Professionally coordinates by:Professionally coordinates by:
Members and Affiliations:Members and Affiliations:
Disediakan oleh;Disediakan oleh;
Kpt. (KRS) Rohaidah BakarKpt. (KRS) Rohaidah Bakar

2. First Aid UnitFirst Aid Unit

3. ??PERTOLONGAN CEMASPERTOLONGAN CEMAS
Professionally coordinates by:Professionally coordinates by:

4. (1)(1)PENGENALANPENGENALAN
PERTOLONGAN CEMASPERTOLONGAN CEMAS
 Rawatan sementara waktu yang Rawatan sementara waktu yang
diberikan kepada mangsa; sebelum diberikan kepada mangsa; sebelum
tibanya bantuan perubatan.tibanya bantuan perubatan.
ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:
 Variasi nama:Variasi nama:
•First AidFirst Aid
•Bantu MulaBantu Mula
•Pertolongan CemasPertolongan Cemas

5.  Menyelamat nyawa Menyelamat nyawa
 Mengelak mangsa cedera lebih seriusMengelak mangsa cedera lebih serius
 Mengurangkan kesakitanMengurangkan kesakitan
 Menguruskan pemindahan ke hospitalMenguruskan pemindahan ke hospital
OBJEKTIFOBJEKTIF
ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:
(1)(1)PENGENALANPENGENALAN
PERTOLONGAN CEMASPERTOLONGAN CEMAS

6.  Sesuatu situasi kritikal yang Sesuatu situasi kritikal yang
mengancam nyawamengancam nyawa
 Jika tidak diberi rawatan segera,Jika tidak diberi rawatan segera,
kesakitan mangsa menjadi lebihkesakitan mangsa menjadi lebih
serius, lebih mudarat dan mungkin serius, lebih mudarat dan mungkin
menyebabkan kematianmenyebabkan kematian
APA ITU KECEMASAN?APA ITU KECEMASAN?
ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:
(1)(1)PENGENALANPENGENALAN
PERTOLONGAN CEMASPERTOLONGAN CEMAS

7.  BertanggungjawabBertanggungjawab
 Berjiwa cekal, waras dan tenangBerjiwa cekal, waras dan tenang
 Mengamati prinsip keselamatan diriMengamati prinsip keselamatan diri
 Berpengetahuan dan berkeyakinanBerpengetahuan dan berkeyakinan
 TerlatihTerlatih
CIRI-CIRI SEORANG PENYELAMATCIRI-CIRI SEORANG PENYELAMAT
ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:
(1)(1)PENGENALANPENGENALAN
PERTOLONGAN CEMASPERTOLONGAN CEMAS

8. ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:
(2)(2)PERALATANPERALATAN
PERTOLONGAN CEMASPERTOLONGAN CEMAS
1)1)Termometer Termometer
2)2)Mangkuk EnamelMangkuk Enamel
3)3)Ubat CiumUbat Cium
4)4)AsprinAsprin
5)5)PanadolPanadol
6)6)Ubat MelepuhUbat Melepuh
7)7)Kain Pembalut Luka Kain Pembalut Luka
8)8)Kain TekapKain Tekap
9)9)Kapas Kapas
10)10)GuntingGunting
11)11)Kain KapasKain Kapas
12)12)Pin SematPin Semat
13)13)ElastoplastElastoplast
14)14)Ubat Luka Ubat Luka
15)15)Papan TuapPapan Tuap
16)16)Kain SegitigaKain Segitiga
17)17)Ubat Cuci MataUbat Cuci Mata
18)18)Pembalut BerelastikPembalut Berelastik
19)19)Pembalut PembebatPembalut Pembebat
20)20)Pembalut TerbukaPembalut Terbuka
21)21)Adesif Lekat SendiriAdesif Lekat Sendiri
ISI ‘KOTAK FIRST AID’ISI ‘KOTAK FIRST AID’

10. 
Pembebatan digunakan untuk menutup luka Pembebatan digunakan untuk menutup luka
dan mengawal pendarahan.dan mengawal pendarahan.
(3)(3)PEMBEBATANPEMBEBATAN
&& PEMBALUT PEMBALUT

Pembalut dilakukan untuk membantu Pembalut dilakukan untuk membantu
pembebatan.pembebatan.
ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:

11. PEMBEBATANPEMBEBATAN
(3)(3)PEMBEBATANPEMBEBATAN
& & PEMBALUTPEMBALUT
ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:

12. 
Pembalut Tiga SegiPembalut Tiga Segi

Pembalut LebarPembalut Lebar

Pembalut KecilPembalut Kecil

Pembalut GulungPembalut Gulung
ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:
JENIS KAIN PEMBALUTJENIS KAIN PEMBALUT
(3)(3)PEMBEBATANPEMBEBATAN
& & PEMBALUTPEMBALUT

13. 
Pembalut Tiga SegiPembalut Tiga Segi
ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:
(3)(3)PEMBEBATANPEMBEBATAN
& & PEMBALUTPEMBALUT

14. ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:

Lipatan Tiga SegiLipatan Tiga Segi
(3)(3)PEMBEBATANPEMBEBATAN
& & PEMBALUTPEMBALUT

15. ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:
4.4.IKATAN, IKATAN,
BALUTAN & ANDUH BALUTAN & ANDUH
? Ikatan? Ikatan
? Balutan? Balutan
? Anduh? Anduh

16. IKATANIKATAN
Simpul SilaSimpul Sila
ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:
(4)(4)IKATAN, BALUTAN IKATAN, BALUTAN & &
ANDUHANDUH

17. Luka Tangan Luka Tangan

Luka DadaLuka Dada
Luka Bahu Luka Bahu

Luka PehaLuka Peha
Luka SikuLuka Siku
Luka LenganLuka Lengan

Luka LututLuka Lutut
Luka JariLuka Jari
JENIS BALUTAN LUKAJENIS BALUTAN LUKA
ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:
(4)(4)IKATAN, BALUTAN IKATAN, BALUTAN & &
ANDUHANDUH

18. 
Balutan Luka TanganBalutan Luka Tangan
ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:
11
22
33 44
(4)(4)IKATAN, BALUTAN IKATAN, BALUTAN & &
ANDUHANDUH

19. 
Balutan Luka TanganBalutan Luka Tangan
ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:
(4)(4)IKATAN, BALUTAN IKATAN, BALUTAN & &
ANDUHANDUH

20. 
Balutan Luka TanganBalutan Luka Tangan
11 22
33 44
ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:
(4)(4)IKATAN, BALUTAN IKATAN, BALUTAN & &
ANDUHANDUH

21. Luka di bahagian depanLuka di bahagian depan

Balutan Luka DadaBalutan Luka Dada
ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:
(4)(4)IKATAN, BALUTAN IKATAN, BALUTAN & &
ANDUHANDUH

22. 
Balutan Luka DadaBalutan Luka Dada
Luka di bahagian belakangLuka di bahagian belakang
ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:
(4)(4)IKATAN, BALUTAN IKATAN, BALUTAN & &
ANDUHANDUH

23. 
Balutan Balutan
Luka BahuLuka Bahu
ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:
11
22 33
(4)(4)IKATAN, BALUTAN IKATAN, BALUTAN & &
ANDUHANDUH

24. 
Balutan Luka PehaBalutan Luka Peha
ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:
11
22
33
(4)(4)IKATAN, BALUTAN IKATAN, BALUTAN & &
ANDUHANDUH

25. 
Balutan Luka SikuBalutan Luka Siku
11
22
11
22
ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:
(4)(4)IKATAN, BALUTAN IKATAN, BALUTAN & &
ANDUHANDUH

26. 
Balutan Luka LututBalutan Luka Lutut
11
22
33
ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:
(4)(4)IKATAN, BALUTAN IKATAN, BALUTAN & &
ANDUHANDUH

27. ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:

Balutan Luka LenganBalutan Luka Lengan
11 22
(4)(4)IKATAN, BALUTAN IKATAN, BALUTAN & &
ANDUHANDUH

28. 
Balutan Luka JariBalutan Luka Jari
ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:
11
22
33
44
(4)(4)IKATAN, BALUTAN IKATAN, BALUTAN & &
ANDUHANDUH

29. 
Anduh BesarAnduh Besar

Anduh KecilAnduh Kecil

Anduh Anduh Pergelangan Tangan Pergelangan Tangan

Anduh MenaikAnduh Menaik
JENIS ANDUHJENIS ANDUH
ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:
(4)(4)IKATAN, BALUTAN IKATAN, BALUTAN & &
ANDUHANDUH

30. ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:

Anduh BesarAnduh Besar
11
22
33
44
(4)(4)IKATAN, BALUTAN IKATAN, BALUTAN & &
ANDUHANDUH

31. ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:

Anduh MenaikAnduh Menaik
11 22
33
(4)(4)IKATAN, BALUTAN IKATAN, BALUTAN & &
ANDUHANDUH

32. ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:

Pembalut CincinPembalut Cincin
(4)(4)IKATAN, BALUTAN IKATAN, BALUTAN & &
ANDUHANDUH
11 22 33

33. JENIS-JENIS LUKAJENIS-JENIS LUKA
ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:


1) Luka Terhiris1) Luka Terhiris
(5)(5)JENIS KEMALANGAN JENIS KEMALANGAN & &
CARA RAWATANCARA RAWATAN

34. ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:

35. 2) Luka Terkoyak2) Luka Terkoyak


ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:
(5)(5)JENIS KEMALANGAN JENIS KEMALANGAN & &
CARA RAWATANCARA RAWATAN

36. ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:

37. 3) Luka Tertikam / Tembus3) Luka Tertikam / Tembus
ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:
(5)(5)JENIS KEMALANGAN JENIS KEMALANGAN & &
CARA RAWATANCARA RAWATAN

38. 4) Luka Lebam4) Luka Lebam
ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:
(5)(5)JENIS KEMALANGAN JENIS KEMALANGAN & &
CARA RAWATANCARA RAWATAN

39. ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:
5) Luka Kena Tembak5) Luka Kena Tembak
(5)(5)JENIS KEMALANGAN JENIS KEMALANGAN & &
CARA RAWATANCARA RAWATAN

40. ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:
CARA MENAHAN DARAHCARA MENAHAN DARAH

41. CARA RAWATANCARA RAWATAN
ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:

42. 6) Luka Kecil6) Luka Kecil
ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:
CARA RAWATANCARA RAWATAN
(5)(5)JENIS KEMALANGAN JENIS KEMALANGAN & &
CARA RAWATANCARA RAWATAN

43. CARA RAWATANCARA RAWATAN
ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:
(5)(5)JENIS KEMALANGAN JENIS KEMALANGAN & &
CARA RAWATANCARA RAWATAN

44. 7) Luka di Perut7) Luka di Perut
ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:
(5)(5)JENIS KEMALANGAN JENIS KEMALANGAN & &
CARA RAWATANCARA RAWATAN

45. 8) Luka di Dada8) Luka di Dada
ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:
(5)(5)JENIS KEMALANGAN JENIS KEMALANGAN & &
CARA RAWATANCARA RAWATAN

46. 9) Pendarahan bahagian 9) Pendarahan bahagian
dalam Telingadalam Telinga
ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:

47. Di Malaysia terdapat Di Malaysia terdapat
141 spesis ular, di 141 spesis ular, di
mana 37 daripadanya mana 37 daripadanya
adalah berbisa.adalah berbisa.
Terbahagi kepada 21 Terbahagi kepada 21
Ular Laut dan 16 Ular Ular Laut dan 16 Ular
Darat.Darat.
4.4.PATUKAN ULARPATUKAN ULAR
ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:
(5)(5)JENIS KEMALANGAN JENIS KEMALANGAN & &
CARA RAWATANCARA RAWATAN

48. 1)1)Sepasang lubang bekas patukkan.Sepasang lubang bekas patukkan.
2)2)Terasa sakit yang amat pada tempat yang Terasa sakit yang amat pada tempat yang
kena patuk.kena patuk.
3)3)Bengkak dan merah di sekeliling patukkan.Bengkak dan merah di sekeliling patukkan.
4)4)Pernafasan yang tercungap-cungapPernafasan yang tercungap-cungap
5)5)Kemungkinan terhenti pernafasan.Kemungkinan terhenti pernafasan.
6)6)Berpeluh dan penglihatan berpinar-pinar.Berpeluh dan penglihatan berpinar-pinar.
SIMPTOM / TANDA AWALSIMPTOM / TANDA AWAL
ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:
(5)(5)JENIS KEMALANGAN JENIS KEMALANGAN & &
CARA RAWATANCARA RAWATAN

49. 
Patukan ular berbisa bergantung kepada Patukan ular berbisa bergantung kepada
spesis, amaun racun, kedudukan dan spesis, amaun racun, kedudukan dan
kedalaman patukkan.kedalaman patukkan.

Boleh membawa kepada maut.Boleh membawa kepada maut.

Mangsa rasa terkejut dan cemas.Mangsa rasa terkejut dan cemas.
BAHAYABAHAYA
ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:
(5)(5)JENIS KEMALANGAN JENIS KEMALANGAN & &
CARA RAWATANCARA RAWATAN

50. SAIZ PATUKANSAIZ PATUKAN
ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:
(5)(5)JENIS KEMALANGAN JENIS KEMALANGAN & &
CARA RAWATANCARA RAWATAN

51. KESAN PATUKANKESAN PATUKAN
ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:
(5)(5)JENIS KEMALANGAN JENIS KEMALANGAN & &
CARA RAWATANCARA RAWATAN

52. 
Terkelar, terbakar dan melecur adalah Terkelar, terbakar dan melecur adalah
sama keadaannya. sama keadaannya.

Perbezaannya hanya dari segi tahap Perbezaannya hanya dari segi tahap
kecederaan. Kebiasaan terbakar kecederaan. Kebiasaan terbakar
melibatkan kecederaan yang lebih melibatkan kecederaan yang lebih
serius daripada melecurserius daripada melecur..
5.5.TERKELAR, TERBAKAR DAN MELECURTERKELAR, TERBAKAR DAN MELECUR
(5)(5)JENIS KEMALANGAN JENIS KEMALANGAN & &
CARA RAWATANCARA RAWATAN
ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:

53. (5)(5)JENIS KEMALANGAN JENIS KEMALANGAN & &
CARA RAWATANCARA RAWATAN
ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:

54. Disebabkan terkena:Disebabkan terkena:

Air panasAir panas

Minyak panas Minyak panas

Wap panasWap panas
MELECUR DAN LEBAMMELECUR DAN LEBAM
Simptom:Simptom:

Kulit melecur dan Kulit melecur dan
kemerahankemerahan

Bahagian terbakar Bahagian terbakar
mengelembung dan mengelembung dan
bengkak dengan cepatbengkak dengan cepat

Sakit yang amat sangatSakit yang amat sangat
(5)(5)JENIS KEMALANGAN JENIS KEMALANGAN & &
CARA RAWATANCARA RAWATAN
ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:

55. 1.1.Baringkan mangsa di tempat teduh, sejuk Baringkan mangsa di tempat teduh, sejuk
dan selesa.dan selesa.
2.2.Tanggalkan pakaian dan perhiasan pada Tanggalkan pakaian dan perhiasan pada
anggota tercedera seperti; kasut, cincin, anggota tercedera seperti; kasut, cincin,
jam tangan, dll.jam tangan, dll.
3.3.Jika serius elakkan beri minuman dan Jika serius elakkan beri minuman dan
makanan.makanan.
4.4.Hantar ke hospital jika perlu.Hantar ke hospital jika perlu.
CARA RAWATANCARA RAWATAN
(5)(5)JENIS KEMALANGAN JENIS KEMALANGAN & &
CARA RAWATANCARA RAWATAN
ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:

56. CARA RAWATAN TERBAKAR RINGANCARA RAWATAN TERBAKAR RINGAN
22
11
(5)(5)JENIS KEMALANGAN JENIS KEMALANGAN & &
CARA RAWATANCARA RAWATAN
ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:

57. 
Renjatan elektrik boleh Renjatan elektrik boleh
menyebabkan maut, menyebabkan maut,
mungkin mereka yang mungkin mereka yang
cuba membantu turut cuba membantu turut
menemui maumenemui maut.t.
6.6.RENJATAN ELEKTRIKRENJATAN ELEKTRIK
ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:

58. Matikan suis atau suis utama dan Matikan suis atau suis utama dan
pastikan elektrik sudah terputus.pastikan elektrik sudah terputus.
Menggunakan penebat untuk Menggunakan penebat untuk
menyelamatkan mangsa:menyelamatkan mangsa:
1.1.Gunakan galah yang panjang dan keringGunakan galah yang panjang dan kering
2.2.Kerusi kayuKerusi kayu
3.3.Tikar getahTikar getah
4.4.Kain sal (tuala yang kering)Kain sal (tuala yang kering)
5.5.Plastik tebalPlastik tebal
6.6.Tali atau tali nylon yang keringTali atau tali nylon yang kering
LANGKAH YANG PERLU DIAMBILLANGKAH YANG PERLU DIAMBIL
(5)(5)JENIS KEMALANGAN JENIS KEMALANGAN & &
CARA RAWATANCARA RAWATAN
ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:

59. CARA MENGALIH BAHAYACARA MENGALIH BAHAYA
(5)(5)JENIS KEMALANGAN JENIS KEMALANGAN & &
CARA RAWATANCARA RAWATAN
ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:

60. 
Sekiranya mangsa tidak bernafas, Sekiranya mangsa tidak bernafas,
pulihkan pernafasan dari mulut ke mulut.pulihkan pernafasan dari mulut ke mulut.

Jika gagal segera lakukan CPR.Jika gagal segera lakukan CPR.

Jika ada kesan terbakar beri rawatan Jika ada kesan terbakar beri rawatan
terbakar.terbakar.

Segerakan mangsa ke hospital.Segerakan mangsa ke hospital.
CARA RAWATANCARA RAWATAN
(5)(5)JENIS KEMALANGAN JENIS KEMALANGAN & &
CARA RAWATANCARA RAWATAN
ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:

61. Kecederaan tulang meliputi patah atau retakKecederaan tulang meliputi patah atau retak..

Kemungkinan kecederaan boleh berlaku Kemungkinan kecederaan boleh berlaku
disebabkan pukulan secara langsung atau disebabkan pukulan secara langsung atau
tidak langsung, terjatuh dari bangunan yang tidak langsung, terjatuh dari bangunan yang
tinggi, tarikan otot anggota yang tertindih, tinggi, tarikan otot anggota yang tertindih,
tembakan atau perlanggaran dan sebagainya.tembakan atau perlanggaran dan sebagainya.
7.7.PATAH & TERSELIUHPATAH & TERSELIUH
(5)(5)JENIS KEMALANGAN JENIS KEMALANGAN & &
CARA RAWATANCARA RAWATAN
ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:

62. Patah tebu Patah kayu muda
JENIS-JENIS PATAHJENIS-JENIS PATAH
11 22
(5)(5)JENIS KEMALANGAN JENIS KEMALANGAN & &
CARA RAWATANCARA RAWATAN
ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:

63. Patah riukPatah riuk Patah melaratPatah melarat
JENIS-JENIS PATAHJENIS-JENIS PATAH
33 44
(5)(5)JENIS KEMALANGAN JENIS KEMALANGAN & &
CARA RAWATANCARA RAWATAN
ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:

64. 
Lebam dan bengkakLebam dan bengkak

Anggota tidak dapat digerakkan Anggota tidak dapat digerakkan

Terluka atau berubah bentukTerluka atau berubah bentuk

Tajam/berbonjol pada kulit Tajam/berbonjol pada kulit

Sakit Sakit
SIMPTOMSIMPTOM
(5)(5)JENIS KEMALANGAN JENIS KEMALANGAN & &
CARA RAWATANCARA RAWATAN
ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:

65. BLANKET LIFT: PreparationBLANKET LIFT: Preparation
ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:
CARA RAWATANCARA RAWATAN

66. BLANKET LIFT: Rolling OnBLANKET LIFT: Rolling On
ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:
CARA RAWATANCARA RAWATAN

67. BLANKET LIFT: LiftingBLANKET LIFT: Lifting
ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:
CARA RAWATANCARA RAWATAN

68. 8.8.TERCEKIKTERCEKIK
ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:

69. ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:

70. 9.9.LEMAS DI AIRLEMAS DI AIR
(5)(5)JENIS KEMALANGAN JENIS KEMALANGAN & &
CARA RAWATANCARA RAWATAN
ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:

71. 
Lakukan pemeriksaan asas seperti, Lakukan pemeriksaan asas seperti,
periksa pernafasan dan nadi. periksa pernafasan dan nadi.

Periksa tahap kesedaran, buka salur Periksa tahap kesedaran, buka salur
pernafasan.pernafasan.

Jika perlu lakukan CPR.Jika perlu lakukan CPR.
RAWATANRAWATAN
(5)(5)JENIS KEMALANGAN JENIS KEMALANGAN & &
CARA RAWATANCARA RAWATAN
ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:

72. 
Apa-apa bahan jika Apa-apa bahan jika
dimasukkan ke dimasukkan ke
dalam kuantiti yang dalam kuantiti yang
mencukupi boleh mencukupi boleh
mengakibatkan mengakibatkan
kemudaratan.kemudaratan.
10.10.KERACUNANKERACUNAN
ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:

73. 
Mulut – makan, minumMulut – makan, minum

Paru-paru – sedut gas/asapParu-paru – sedut gas/asap

Suntikan – gigitan, patukan, jarumSuntikan – gigitan, patukan, jarum

Kulit – semburan racun perosakKulit – semburan racun perosak
PUNCA KERACUNANPUNCA KERACUNAN
(5)(5)JENIS KEMALANGAN JENIS KEMALANGAN & &
CARA RAWATANCARA RAWATAN
ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:

74. 1.1.Pastikan persekitaran dan diri anda selamat.Pastikan persekitaran dan diri anda selamat.
2.2.Alihkan mangsa ke tempat yang selamat.Alihkan mangsa ke tempat yang selamat.
3.3.Kesan melecur pada mulut – beri minum air Kesan melecur pada mulut – beri minum air
atau susu sedikit demi sedikit.atau susu sedikit demi sedikit.
4.4.Jika sesak nafas, baringkan ke posisi koma.Jika sesak nafas, baringkan ke posisi koma.
5.5.Jika tidak sedar – lakukan ‘primary survey’.Jika tidak sedar – lakukan ‘primary survey’.
RAWATANRAWATAN
(5)(5)JENIS KEMALANGAN JENIS KEMALANGAN & &
CARA RAWATANCARA RAWATAN
ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:

75. Melalui Melalui 33 cara: cara:
1.1.Resusitasi secara hembusan Resusitasi secara hembusan (mulut ke mulut)(mulut ke mulut)
2.2.Resusitasi secara tekanan Resusitasi secara tekanan (kardio-pulmonari)(kardio-pulmonari)
3.3.Holger NielsonHolger Nielson
TEKNIK-TEKNIKTEKNIK-TEKNIK
(6)(6)PEMULIHAN PEMULIHAN
PERNAFASANPERNAFASAN
ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:

76. Holger NeilsonHolger Neilson11
(6)(6)PEMULIHAN PEMULIHAN
PERNAFASANPERNAFASAN
ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:

77. 22
Holger NeilsonHolger Neilson
(6)(6)PEMULIHAN PEMULIHAN
PERNAFASANPERNAFASAN
ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:

78. ProfessionallyProfessionally
coordinates by: coordinates by:

79. Rescue BreathingRescue Breathing

Is a way of breathing air into an unconscious Is a way of breathing air into an unconscious
victim who is not breathing but has a pulse.victim who is not breathing but has a pulse.

80. CPR (on adults & large children) CPR (on adults & large children)
(see handout)(see handout)

Giving chest compressions.Giving chest compressions.

Position the heel of the right hand on the lower half of the Position the heel of the right hand on the lower half of the
breast bone, right between the nipples.breast bone, right between the nipples.

Position left hand on top of the right hand.Position left hand on top of the right hand.

Position shoulders directly over the hands and push Position shoulders directly over the hands and push
straight down, pushing the breastbone down 1.5 – 2 straight down, pushing the breastbone down 1.5 – 2
inches. inches.

15 chest compressions, then 2 breaths. 15 chest compressions, then 2 breaths.

After 3 sets of 15 and 2 check for signs of circulation.After 3 sets of 15 and 2 check for signs of circulation.

81. RICE TreatmentRICE Treatment
RestRest

For 24 to 72 hrs. Longer rest may be required for severe injuries.For 24 to 72 hrs. Longer rest may be required for severe injuries.
IceIce

Apply for 20 min cycles ASAP after injury occurs. Applying cold Apply for 20 min cycles ASAP after injury occurs. Applying cold
helps reduce pain, swelling and inflammation.helps reduce pain, swelling and inflammation.
CompressionCompression

Wrap the injury to reduce swelling. Make sure it is not too Wrap the injury to reduce swelling. Make sure it is not too
tight!tight!
ElevationElevation

Raise the injured part above heart level to reduce swelling Raise the injured part above heart level to reduce swelling
and drain blood and fluid from the area.and drain blood and fluid from the area.

82. AED (Automated External AED (Automated External
DeDefibrillatorfibrillator))

What is an automated external defibrillator What is an automated external defibrillator
(AED)?(AED)?
An AED is a device about the size of a laptop An AED is a device about the size of a laptop
computer that analyzes the heart's rhythm for computer that analyzes the heart's rhythm for
any abnormalities and, if necessary, directs any abnormalities and, if necessary, directs
the rescuer to deliver an electrical shock to the the rescuer to deliver an electrical shock to the
victim. This shock, called defibrillation, may victim. This shock, called defibrillation, may
help the heart to reestablish an effective help the heart to reestablish an effective
rhythm of its own.rhythm of its own.

83. AED (Automated External AED (Automated External
DeDefibrillatorfibrillator))

How does an AED work?How does an AED work?
An AED is easy to operate. It uses voice prompts to An AED is easy to operate. It uses voice prompts to
instruct the rescuer. Once the machine is turned on, instruct the rescuer. Once the machine is turned on,
the rescuer will be prompted to apply two electrodes the rescuer will be prompted to apply two electrodes
provided with the AED to the victim's chest. Once provided with the AED to the victim's chest. Once
applied, the AED will begin to monitor the victim's applied, the AED will begin to monitor the victim's
heart rhythm. If a "shockable" rhythm is detected, the heart rhythm. If a "shockable" rhythm is detected, the
machine will charge itself and instruct the rescuer to machine will charge itself and instruct the rescuer to
stand clear of the victim and to press the shock stand clear of the victim and to press the shock
button.button.

84. AED (Automated External AED (Automated External
DeDefibrillatorfibrillator))

AED’s are required to be in most large public AED’s are required to be in most large public
buildings.buildings.

Such as malls, schools, and stadiums. Such as malls, schools, and stadiums.

85. SplintsSplints
A material or device used to protect and A material or device used to protect and
immobilize a body part.immobilize a body part.

A splint should be used only if it can be A splint should be used only if it can be
applied without hurting the victim.applied without hurting the victim.
Two Types of SplintsTwo Types of Splints

Soft splints are made from blankets, towels, Soft splints are made from blankets, towels,
sheets, or bandages. sheets, or bandages.
Rigid splints are made from rolled-up newspapers Rigid splints are made from rolled-up newspapers
or boards.or boards.

86. Appling Splints…Appling Splints…
Attempt to splint the injury in the position you Attempt to splint the injury in the position you
find it.find it.

Make sure it is not too tight!Make sure it is not too tight!
On Fractured BonesOn Fractured Bones

Must include the joint above and below the injured Must include the joint above and below the injured
bone.bone.
On Injured JointsOn Injured Joints

Must include the bone above and below the Must include the bone above and below the
injured joint.injured joint.

87. SlingsSlings

Is a wide piece of cloth looped under an Is a wide piece of cloth looped under an
inured arm for support.inured arm for support.

Example: Triangular BandageExample: Triangular Bandage

88. Treatments for Common Treatments for Common
InjuriesInjuries

89. Types Bleeding WoundsTypes Bleeding Wounds
BruiseBruise

Is a wound blood vessels cause bleeding under Is a wound blood vessels cause bleeding under
the skin.the skin.
IncisionIncision

Is a cut caused by a sharp-edged object, such a Is a cut caused by a sharp-edged object, such a
razor, scissors, broken glass.razor, scissors, broken glass.
LacerationLaceration

Is a cut that causes a jagged or irregular tearing of Is a cut that causes a jagged or irregular tearing of
the skin.the skin.

90. Types Bleeding WoundsTypes Bleeding Wounds

AbrasionAbrasion

AKA a scrape, is a wound caused by rubbing or scraping AKA a scrape, is a wound caused by rubbing or scraping
away the skin.away the skin.

AvulsionAvulsion

Is a wound in which skin or other body tissue is separated Is a wound in which skin or other body tissue is separated
or completely torn away from the body.or completely torn away from the body.

PuncturePuncture

Is a wound produced when a pointed instrument or Is a wound produced when a pointed instrument or
projectile pierces the skin. projectile pierces the skin.

The risk of infection is high with this type of wound.The risk of infection is high with this type of wound.

91. Controlling BleedingControlling Bleeding

What is the procedure for controlling bleeding What is the procedure for controlling bleeding
that we covered last class?that we covered last class?

92. ShockShock

Is a dangerous reduction in blood flow to the Is a dangerous reduction in blood flow to the
body tissues.body tissues.

Signs of shock include…rapid, shallow Signs of shock include…rapid, shallow
breathing; cold, clammy skin; rapid, weak breathing; cold, clammy skin; rapid, weak
pulse; dizziness; weakness; and fainting.pulse; dizziness; weakness; and fainting.

What is the treatment for shock that we What is the treatment for shock that we
covered last class?covered last class?

93. FracturesFractures
Is a break or crack in a bone.Is a break or crack in a bone.
Two TypesTwo Types

Open FractureOpen Fracture

There is also a break in the skin.There is also a break in the skin.

Closed FractureClosed Fracture

There is no break in the skin.There is no break in the skin.

TreatmentTreatment

Treat for bleeding and shock, splint the injury, Treat for bleeding and shock, splint the injury,
apply ice.apply ice.

94. DislocationsDislocations

Is the movement of a bone away from its joint.Is the movement of a bone away from its joint.

TreatmentTreatment

Splint above and below the dislocated joint, apply Splint above and below the dislocated joint, apply
a cold compress.a cold compress.

Never try and set a dislocation!Never try and set a dislocation!

95. Sprains and StrainsSprains and Strains

Sprain – is an injury to the ligaments, tendons, Sprain – is an injury to the ligaments, tendons,
and soft tissue around a joint caused by and soft tissue around a joint caused by
undue stretching.undue stretching.

Strain – is an overstretching of muscles and/or Strain – is an overstretching of muscles and/or
tendons.tendons.

Treatment – Apply the RICE treatment.Treatment – Apply the RICE treatment.

96. Weather Related InjuriesWeather Related Injuries

Heat Cramps – are painful muscle spasms in the Heat Cramps – are painful muscle spasms in the
legs and arms due to excessive fluid loss through legs and arms due to excessive fluid loss through
sweating.sweating.

Treatment – have victim rest in a cool, shaded area; drink Treatment – have victim rest in a cool, shaded area; drink
cool water; and stretch stiff muscles.cool water; and stretch stiff muscles.

Heat Exhaustion – is extreme tiredness due to the Heat Exhaustion – is extreme tiredness due to the
body’s inability to regulate its temperature.body’s inability to regulate its temperature.

Treatment – have victim lie down with feet elevated in a Treatment – have victim lie down with feet elevated in a
cool, shaded area; give cool water to drink.cool, shaded area; give cool water to drink.

97. Weather Related InjuriesWeather Related Injuries

Heat Stroke – is an overheating of the body Heat Stroke – is an overheating of the body
that is life-threatening. Sweating ceases, so that is life-threatening. Sweating ceases, so
that the body cannot regulate its temperature.that the body cannot regulate its temperature.

Treatment – have victim lie in cool, wet towels or Treatment – have victim lie in cool, wet towels or
sheets; place ice backs near the neck, armpits, sheets; place ice backs near the neck, armpits,
and groin.and groin.

98. Weather Related InjuriesWeather Related Injuries
Frostbite – is the freezing of body parts, often Frostbite – is the freezing of body parts, often
the tissues of the extremities.the tissues of the extremities.

Treatment – do not attempt rewarming; handle the Treatment – do not attempt rewarming; handle the
affected area carefully and try to keep it warm.affected area carefully and try to keep it warm.

Hypothermia – is a reduction of the body Hypothermia – is a reduction of the body
temperature so that it is lower than normal.temperature so that it is lower than normal.

Treatment – move the victim to a warm Treatment – move the victim to a warm
environment; remove any wet clothing; cover their environment; remove any wet clothing; cover their
head with blankets.head with blankets.