Banana_disease_Lec-1.ppt.plant,,,pathology

Banana disease

1. Disease: Anthracnose of banana
CO:Colletotrichum musae
Thediseaseattacksbananaplants
atallstagesofgrowth
Diseaseattackstheflowers,skinand
distalendsofbananaheads

2. Symptoms
Thesymptomsappearaslargebrown
patchescoveredwithacrimsongrowth
ofthefungus
Thediseasedfruitturnsblackand
thefruitbecomeshriveled,corky&rotten

3. Large
brown
patches
Blackspot&
rottenarea

4. Favorable condition
Temperature25-45
0
C
Highrelativehumidity60-85%

5. Life cycle

6. Control measures
Careshouldbetakenduringharvesting
offruitstoavoidinjury
Dippingrowbananajustafterharvest
at50
o
Cfor5minutes
Propersanitationofhandlingand
promptcoolingto14°Careessentialin
minimizingthediseaseincoldstorage
SprayingofChlorothanlonil(0.2%)and
Bavistin(1%)fourtimesat15daysinterval

7. Disease: Sigatoka / Cercospora leaf
spot of banana
CO:Cercospora musae
Sigatokaisacommonleafspotdisease
ofbananaandisuniversallypresent

8. Symptoms
Lightbrowntoyellowishinitialspotsare
appearedonthelaminasoftheolder
leavesparalleltotheveins
Thespotsenlargewithinaveryshorttime
andformelongatedspots,oftenspindle
shapedwithdarkbrownmarginwithashy
centerwhichisalsosurroundedby
yellowishhalo
Asthediseaseadvances,severalspotsmay
coalescetogethertoformlargeblighted
areaandasaresulttheleavesdryupfrom
themargintoinwards

9. Light brown
to yellowish
initial spots
Spindle shaped with
dark brown margin
with ashy center
surrounded by
yellowish halo
largeblightedareaasa
resultofdryupfromthe
margintoinwards

10. Favorable conditions
Highhumidity
Warmweather(23-25
0
C)
Heavyrainfall
Heavydew
Poororbadlydrainedsoil
Heavyweedyorgrassyfield
Closeplantation

11. Life cycle

12. Control measures
Destructionofinfectedleavesandthen
burningorburyingthem
Removalofdiseasedsucker
Improveddrainage
Controlofweeds
Maintaincorrectplantspacing
Diseasedleafshouldnotbeuseof
packingmaterials
UseofresistantcultivarsEg.Chinichampa
andalllocalvarieties
SprayBordeauxmixture

13. Disease: Panama or Fusarium wilt
of banana
CO:Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense
This is widespread and highly destructive
disease of banana
This is a soil-borne fungal disease and
gets entry in the plant body through roots

14. Symptoms
ThefirstexternalsymptomsofPanama
diseaseareayellowingoftheoldest
leavesoralongitudinalsplittingof
thelowerportionoftheouterleaf
sheathsonthepseudostem
Thisisfollowedbyawiltingandbuckling
ofleavesatthepetiolebase
Asthediseaseprogresses,youngerleaves
collapseuntiltheentirecanopyconsists
ofdeadordyingleaves

15. Whenthediseasedpseudostems arecut
open,thevascularstrandsappearas
yellow,redorwhite-brownishdots
andstreak
Eventually,largeportionsofthexylem
turnabrickredtobrowncolor
Whenthediseasedrhizomesarecutopen
reddish-browntomaroonstainingof
vesselsfound

16. Yellowingofthe
oldestleaves
Wilting&buckling
ofleavesatthe
petiolebase
Entire canopy
consists of
dead or dying
leaves

17. Vascular strands
appear as yellow,
red or white-
brownish dots
and streak
Xylemturnabrick
redtobrowncolor
Reddish-brown to
maroon staining

18. Favorable conditions
Diseasedrhizomeandroots
Clonepropagation
Continuouscroppingofbanana
Stormdamagedplants
Poorlydrainedsoils
Highmoistureofthesoil
Heavyrains
Highinoculumpotentialspresent

19. Life cycle

20. Control measures
Toavoidintroductionofdisease
Suckershouldbecollectedfromdisease
freegroveforplantation.
Thediseasedplantshouldberemoved
fromthefieldassoonastheyare
detectedandcutintopiecesandburnt
Growingofpaddyfollowedbybananafor
3-5yearsonceortwice
Useresistantvariety.eg.Alllocal
varieties,Kabri,etc

21. Pitsshouldbesterilizedwith2%
formalinormethylbromide
Useofquicklimenearthebaseof
theplantandsoakingwithwater
Applicationofbioagents,suchas,
TrichodermavirideorPseudomonas
fluorescenceinthesoiliseffective
DippingofsuckersinCarbendazim
(10g/10litresofwater)followed
bybimonthlydrenchingstarting
from6monthsafterplanting

22. Disease: Bunchy top of banana
CA: Banana Bunchy Top Virus
Banana Bunchy Top is very common in
many country
This is a serious disease which threatens
all banana varieties in commercial
plantations

23. Symptoms
Theinfectedleavesareerect,narrow,
stunted,rolledupwardlyandoftenhave
yellowleafmargins.
Eventually,thecrownoftheplantis
composedofonlystuntedleaves,producing
arosetteor"bunchytop"
Theinfectedplantdoesnotproduceany
fruitorthebunchdoesnotemergefrom
thepseudostem.

24. Yellow leaf margin
Stunted
leaves,
producing
arosette
orbunchy
top

25. Favorable conditions
Presenceofbananaaphids
(Pentalonianigronevosa)
Infectedplantingmaterials
Volunteerplantsthatserveasalternate
hosts;likeginger,andwildbananas
Presenceofweeds

26. Life cycle

27. Control measures
Thereisnocureforbunchytopviraldisease
Usingdiseased-freeplantingmaterials
Controllingofaphids
Usingsoapywaterorinsecticidalspray.
Spraytheplantsthoroughly,specially
onpetioles,furledleaves,whorls,oron
youngsuckers
Removingandrougingofinfectedplants

28. Try to eat disease free banana