Bandages

specially for Medical Textile.

1. Vinit kumar jain M tech (Textile Technology) Presented By – BANDAGE Saturday, March 28, 2015 1

2. Contents Introduction Types of bandage Materials for bandage Parameters affecting pressure Bandaging technique Major leading bandage manufacturing company Innovation in bandaging New challenges & scope Result& conclusion Bibliography Saturday, March 28, 2015 2

3. Introduction A  bandage  is a piece of material used either to support a medical device such as a  dressing  or  splint , or on its own to provide support to the body; it can also be used to restrict a part of the body. During heavy bleeding or following a poisonous bite, it is important to slow the flow of blood; tight bandages accomplish this task very well. Bandages are available in a wide range of types, from generic cloth strips to specialized shaped bandages designed for a specific limb or part of the body, although bandages can often be improvised as the situation demands, using clothing, blankets or other material. In colloquial  American English , the word "bandage" is often used to mean a dressing, which is used directly on a wound, whereas a bandage is technically only used to support a dressing, and not directly on a wound. 3/28/2015 3

4. A History of BAND-AID Brand Innovation                                                                                                                                                                    1920 BAND-AID ®  Brand Adhesive Bandages make their first appearance on the market. They are made by hand and are not a big hit. They were three inches wide and eighteen inches long. Only $3,000 worth were sold the first year. 1924 The little red string used to open BAND-AID ®  Brand Adhesive Bandages wrappers makes its first appearance. 1938 Completely sterile bandages are introduced. 1942 Millions of adhesive bandages go overseas as part of the war effort 1951 Plastic strips are introduced. 1956 Decorative bandages are introduced - "Stars and Strips" (not Stripes). 1957 Clear Strips bandages are introduced. 1963 Adhesive bandages go into space with Mercury astronauts 1994 . BAND-AID ®  Brand SPORT STRIP ®  Adhesive Bandages are introduced 1997 Introduction of BAND-AID ®  Brand Antibiotic Adhesive Bandages, the first ever adhesive bandage to have specially formulated antibiotic ointment right on the pad. 2000 BAND-AID ®  Brand Advanced Healing is the latest generation in wound care available to consumers. 2002 Introduction of a revolutionary new concept from BAND-AID ®  Brand – the Liquid Bandage that promotes fast healing on contact. 2006 Re-launch of plus Antibiotic with new look and more line extensions. Saturday, March 28, 2015 4

5. BANDAGING Definition: Bandaging is the process of covering a wound or an injured part. Uses: Bandages are used for following purposes: To prevent contamination of wound by holding dressings in position. To provide support to the part that is injured, dislocated joint. To provide rest to the part that is injured. To prevent & control hemorrhage. To restrict movement / immobilize a fracture or a dislocation. To correct deformity. To maintain pressure e.g. elastic bandages applied to the improve venous return. Saturday, March 28, 2015 5

6. TYPES OF BANDAGE Simple elastic bandages Light support bandages Compression bandage Orthopedic bandage Saturday, March 28, 2015 6

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8. Roller bandages Various widths, lengths, and types of material Self-adhering, conforming bandages Elastic, gauzelike Gauze rollers Nonelastic cotton Elastic roller bandages Provide compression Triangular bandages Slings Cravats Adhesive tape and strips Saturday, March 28, 2015 8

9. PARTS OF ROLLAR BANDAGE : Head Free End or tail. Saturday, March 28, 2015 9

10. Following terms are used in roller bandaging Simple spiral Reverse spiral Figure of eight. Spica 1. Simple Spiral : This type of bandage is used for uniform thickness part i.e. wrist or finger. Each turn of the bandage overlaps the previous turn. Saturday, March 28, 2015 10

11. 2.Reverse Spiral: This bandage is used for the parts where the thickness varies e.g. legs & forearms. It is applied in the same way as the general spiral bandage, but each turn is reversed as necessary to prevent gaping & to make the bandage smooth. 3.Figure of Eight: This bandage is used for elbow & knee joints. This bandage is made by forming two loops or oblique turns over a joint. The turns alternately ascend & descend to cover the part. 4.Spica: It is a form of the figure of eight bandage. The turn is larger than the other. It is used for joints at right angles to the body, e.g. the shoulder, groin, thumb. Saturday, March 28, 2015 11

12. GENERAL PRINCIPLES : - Select a bandage of proper size & suitable material. Put the patient in a comfortable position. Support the injured area while bandaging. If a joint is involved, flex it slightly. Face the patient while applying the bandage, except when applying it to the head . Hold the roll of the bandage in the right hand when applying bandage on the left side, Hold the bandage with the roll uppermost & apply the outer surface to the skin, unrolling a few centimeters of the bandage at a time. Put some cotton wool on the part to be bandaged so that the bandage does not slip or cause cutting into the skin underneath. Bandage from below upward, & from within outward. Saturday, March 28, 2015 12

13. Steps of applying rollar bandage: Fixing Rolling Securing Checking circulation after bandaging Pressing nail Checking pulse Tingling, coldness, inability to move fingers Saturday, March 28, 2015 13

14. TYING THE BANDAGE For tying the bandage a ‘reef knot’ must be always used. Knot should not cause discomfort. Tuck the loose ends of bandage out of sight Saturday, March 28, 2015 14

15. Elastic Bandages Gauze, cotton cloth, elastic wrapping Length and width vary and are used according to body part and size Sizes ranges 2, 3, 4, 6 inch width and 6 or 10 yard lengths Should be stored rolled Bandage selected should be free from wrinkles, seams and imperfections that could cause irritation Saturday, March 28, 2015 15

16. Continue……… Elastic bandages- extensible and very useful with sports; active bandages allowing for movement; can provide support and compression for wound healing Saturday, March 28, 2015 16

17. Elastic Bandage application Hold bandage in preferred hand with loose end extending from bottom of roll Back surface of loose end should lay on skin surface Pressure and tension should be standardized Anchor are created by overlapping wrap Start anchor at smallest circumference of limb Saturday, March 28, 2015 17

18. Elastic bandages can be used to provide support for a variety scenarios: Ankle and foot spica Spiral bandage ( spica ) Groin support Shoulder spica Elbow figure-eight Gauze hand and wrist figure-eight Cloth ankle wrap Saturday, March 28, 2015 18

19. Triangle and Cravat Bandages Cotton cloth that can be substituted if roller bandages not available First aid device, due to ease and speed of application Primarily used for arm slings Cervical arm sling Shoulder arm sling Sling and swath e Saturday, March 28, 2015 19

20. Triangular Bandages Can be used as a cold compress or for padding when they are made into a pad. When folded up they can be used to provide support or pressure. When unfolded they can be used as a support sling or cover bandage. Saturday, March 28, 2015 20

21. Parts of Triangularlar Bandage POINT END (BASE) END Saturday, March 28, 2015 21

22. Applying a Cravat Bandage to the Head Place middle of bandage over the dressing and wrap around the head. Saturday, March 28, 2015 22

23. Wrap center of bandage over the dressing. Turn one end going up the extremity and the other end going down. Tie bandage over dressing. Saturday, March 28, 2015 23

24. Cross the two ends snugly. Bring ends back around and tie knot. Saturday, March 28, 2015 24

25. Applying an Adhesive Strip Remove wrapping, and hold by protective strips. Peel back protective strips, and place on wound. Pull away protective strips, and press ends and edges down. Saturday, March 28, 2015 25

26. Classification of Compression Bandages Sr . No . Bandage type Selected names Pressure (mm Hg) 1 Light compression 3A J-Plus, K-Crepe Upto 20 2 Moderate compression3B Setopress , Surepress 21-30 3 High compression 3C Tensopress 31-40 4 Extra high compression 3D Blue Line Webbing 41-60 Saturday, March 28, 2015 26

27. SIZES OF BANDAGE : The size of the bandage varies according to the part it is supposed to bandage Part to be Bandaged Width(Cm) Length (Mts) Head Trunk Leg Arm Fingers Hand Wrist 5 10 to 15 6 to 8 5 to 6 2.5 5 5 4 to 6 6 to 8 4 3 to 4 2 3 3 Saturday, March 28, 2015 27

28. MATERIALS COMMONLY USED FOR BANDAGES : Cotton Cotton Gauze Jute Wool Special materials like crape bandage, elastic bandage. Saturday, March 28, 2015 28

29. Saturday, March 28, 2015 29 Type of bandage Fibres used Type of process Light support bandages Simple elastic bandages Compression bandages Orthopedic bandage W,K W,K W, NW W,K Cotton, Viscose, Polyamide, Elastomeric yarns Cotton, Viscose, Elastomeric yarns Cotton, Viscose, Polyamide, Elastomeric yarns Cotton, Viscose, Polyester, Polypropylene, polyurethane forms

30. Parameters affecting Pressure Winding tension . Number of wraps Width of bandage Time elapsed after bandaging Curvature of the limb Bandage characteristics External conditions Saturday, March 28, 2015 30

31. Bandaging Technique Saturday, March 28, 2015 31 Circular Spiral Herring Bone Recurrent Turn Heel Lock

32. Major leading bandage manufacturing company Saturday, March 28, 2015 32

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34. Innovation in Bandaging 1. The new bandage, called the Emergency Bandage, was developed by First Care Products, American forces are now using an advanced new bandage, developed in Israel, that can save lives by stopping traumatic hemorrhaging wounds. 2. ProGuide *  is a multi-layer compression bandage for venous leg ulcers and associated conditions. ProGuide  offers the following benefits: All the advantages of  Vari -stretch compression The effective level of compression is consistently achieved Sustained compression for up to 7 days Innovative layer system ProGuide 18-22cm 22-28cm 28-32cm Saturday, March 28, 2015 34

35. Continue……. 3 . An Inject able Bandage Can Stop Heavy Bleeding in 15 Seconds New technology developed for the military has the potential to save soldiers from fatal gunshot wounds. For that, Steinbaugh credits students at Harvey Mudd College, who worked with RevMedX  to fabricate a spongy material that’s coated with an antimicrobial clotting agent called  chitosan . As the sponges soak up blood and expand within the wound, they clump together, becoming one firm mass that prevents excessive bleeding while simultaneously accelerating the clotting process. Additionally, the sponges are individually marked with an "X" symbol that’s visible under x-rays, making it easy for the surgeons to locate and remove them. Saturday, March 28, 2015 35

36. 4. HERO H-2 is a two-layer compression bandage system, designed for venous and mixed aetiology ulcers. It consists of a unique moisturising and odour reducing cohesive compression foam layer and an inelastic cohesive compression bandage which lock together to be more secure………a completely fresh approach to compression bandaging! Layer 1  consists of a gentle, conformable cohesive absorbent foam bandage which contains pure Aloe with moisturising properties to reduce the dry skin associated with chronic venous ulcers and cyclodextrin to help bind odour and give off a fresh scent. Layer 2  is a unique, hand tearable , light tan, inelastic cohesive bandage designed to produce graduated, therapeutically effective compression. The two layers lock together to maintain compression and reduce slippage. Saturday, March 28, 2015 36 Continue…….

37. 5. Quick and easy  grip-pull-stick system makes bandage application a snap - with less mess and no loose tabs. One handed application minimizes contamination risk. Easy Access Bandages™ are secured in portable packs organized by size. Packs stay organized, are easy to find and slip easily into a purse or pocket without damage to the bandages.  Simplify Your Life Easy one-handed application Easy to find - packs organized by size Easy to carry - bandages secured in portable packs Less mess - no loose tabs Less contamination risk Latex free Sterile Saturday, March 28, 2015 37

38. Bandage Dress Saturday, March 28, 2015 38

39. New new challenges & scope Self pressure maintain bandage research on bandage for hot and humid weather conditions. Effect of body fat, age, sex and race on the interface pressure development not understood. More techno economical afford to produce better quality with cheap price. Made in India Saturday, March 28, 2015 39

40. Result& conclusion With correct compression therapy it is possible to heal more than 90% of leg ulcers. If improper and widely varying pressure is applied by inexperienced doctor or nurse that may lead to amputation of leg So correct pressure profiling of bandage is extremely important for effective treatment High scope of research Better standards for research institutes Saturday, March 28, 2015 40

41. Timing is the difference between life and death. The time you take to apply a bandage is important. Or Saturday, March 28, 2015 41

42. Bibiliography Monica Puri Sikka *, Subrato Ghosh, Arunangshu Mukhopadhyay (2013 ),Geometry of the bandaging procedure and its application while wrapping bandages for treatment of leg ulcers, 2013, 6, 1186-1190 http ://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jbise.2013.612148 S rajendran & s c anand contribution of textile to metical textile and health care products and developing innovative product IJFTR vol no. 31 march 2006 pp. 215-229 Geest , A.J., Veraart , J.C.J.M., Nelesmans , P., “The effect of medical elastic compression stockings with different slope values on edema”, Dermatol Surgery, 2000, 26, pp. 244-47 Morton, W.E., Hearle , W.S., PhysicalProperties of Textile Fibers, 1993, the Textile Institute, Manchester www.slideshare.com Saturday, March 28, 2015 42

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