Barriers to good health.pptx by community medicine

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1. BARRIERS TO GOOD HEALTH AND HEALTH-SEEKING BEHAVIOUR By Dr. Ranganatha S C

2. GROUP 1 - Health seeking behaviours GROUP 2 - Barriers to Good health and Health-seeking behaviour GROUP 3 - How to overcome these Barriers?

3. Competency addressed: CM 2.3: Describe and demonstrate in a simulated environment, the assessment of barriers to good health and health-seeking behaviour.

4. OBJECTIVE The objective of this competency is to identify barriers to good health and healthcare utilization.

5. How? By interacting and listening to community and allotted families and households.

6. HEALTH SEEKING BEHAVIOURS Nearly 70% of people in India donot seek curative healthcare from government sector. Higher inclination towards allopathy treatment was prevalent in both rural and urban sectors for over 95% of ailments treatment was sought from allopathy providers, 4.8% sought from AYUSH and remaining 0.2% from other sources. Over 68% in rural and 74% in the urban areas the spells of ailments were treated in private sector (consisting of private doctors nursing homes, private hospitals and charitable institutions).

7. Only 32% rural and 26% urban spells of ailments were treated at government facilities (subcentre, PHC, CHC and hospitals). Thus, private sector was most important single source of treatment in urban and rural areas alike. People have more faith and trust in private sector, due to its easy accessibility, timings, good behaviour, etc. For preventive services over 90% of people used government health services, since these are not profitable to private sector.

8. BARRIERS TO GOOD HEALTH AND HEALTH-SEEKING BEHAVIOUR What people do with their lives and those of their children affects their health far more than anything that governments do. The households and communities are places where health and health-seeking behaviours/practices are learned and supported. Hence, household and community must be linked with dynamic health system. 

9. Common barriers in health and health-seeking behaviours in the community are: 1. Poverty: People may not be able to afford health services cost (economic barrier). 2. Illiteracy: Lack of information and knowledge of services and unable to recognize when sick person needs service outside home. Lack of health literacy is widely prevalent in India to the extent of 90%. Universal health literacy is a must to achieve universal health coverage. 3. Cultural barriers: Poor acceptability due to wrong beliefs, attitudes and practices.

10. 4. Access to healthcare services: Poor access, distance, lack of transport, roads, and inaccessible health services. 5. Poor quality of health services and negative experience from contacts with health services providers. 6. Timing may be unsuitable. 7. Gender biases and discrimination for service use. 8. Decision makers in household/family for treatment. 9. Lack of community partnership/involvement. Poor demand and lack of ownership of services.

11. 10. Stigma associated with disease/illness like leprosy, TB mental illness may become barrier to use services. 11. Treatment schedule, frequent clinic attendance that costs in time, travel expenses or wage loss can dissuade families from seeking care. 12. Lack of confidentiality. 13. Lock of empathy and poor communication skills of providers 14. Lack of faith and trust in the system. 15. Fatalistic attitudes

12. BARRIERS TO HEALTH (3 Marks) 1. Physical barriers: Lack of healthcare infrastructure, lack of health professionals, disability of the patients to go to health center, lack of drugs and equipment. 2. Financial barriers: Poverty, lack of insurance coverage, unaffordable cost. 3. Geographical barriers: Lack of transportation to health facilities in rural areas, poor access to health services. 4. Psychological barriers: Stress, anxiety, depression, stigmatization. 5. Social barriers: Illiteracy, ignorance, poor standard of living, antisocial activities such as crime, violence, drug abuse. 6. Environmental barriers: Lack of sanitation, lack of nutrition, overcrowding. 7. Cultural barriers: Blind beliefs regarding treatment, negative attitudes, food taboos.

13. How to Overcome these Barriers? By education - universal health literacy. 2. User - friendly health services. 3. Healthy public policies 4. Community participation. 5. Strategic information education and communication plan of SNA is in place to promote health seeking behaviour.

14. SWASTHYA NAGRIC ABHIYAN (SNA) The main objective of SNA is to generate demand for health services and to promote health seeking behaviour. The SNA strategy aims to create awareness and disseminate information about the health seeking behaviour, and about benefits available under various programmes.

15. STRATEGIC INFORMATION EDUCATION COMMUNICATION (IEC) PLAN It uses all possible means of communication such as mass media, social media, interpersonal communication to disseminate information. The year long IEC plan focuses on "health days" and health themes, besides week and month long plans. These activities are centered around Ayushman Bharat, integrated diarrhoea control fortnight, Breast feeding week, national nutrition month, Tobacco control and seasonal diseases-dengue and malaria month, etc. Recently, all efforts were directed on Covid-19 appropriate behaviours-wearing mask, social distancing and hand hygiene. It was a pan India massive campaign roll out of a pre-caller tune on Covid-19 amplifying to and don'ts.

16. EXPECTED OUTCOME The student interacts and contacts allotted family/families or urban/rural community and collects information on health seeking behaviour on specific disease/common health problem.

17. THANK YOU