Basic Chinese Mandarin Lesson One in Tourism Management

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1. An Introduction to the Chinese language ( Hanyu ) Basic Chinese Mandarin ( 官 话 ) By: Ann Portia R. Lim

2. -4000 years ago -one of the world’s oldest language -there are more than a billion native speakers of Chinese worldwide -belongs to the Sin-Tibetan language family

3. Standard Chinese language Hanyu - “language of the Han” spoken by the Han, Hui , Manchu and other ethnic groups that constitute 94% of the population of China. There are 56 recognized ethnic groups in China using as many as 80 diff. languages

4. Hanyu - “language of the Han” Standard Chinese language spoken by the Han, Hui , Manchu and other ethnic groups that constitute 94% of the population of China. There are 56 recognized ethnic groups in China using as many as 80 diff. languages

5. Putonghua – “common speech” It is based on the northern dialect or Mandarin dialect. The dialect of Beijing is used as the basis for its pronunciation and modern vernacular literature for its grammatical structure

6. Chinese Alphabet/Characters Unlike English, written Chinese is not directly related to its pronunciation. Pinyin or “arranged sounds” system was developed to provide phonetic notation for Chineses characters

7. Pinyin Pinyin adopts the Latin alphabet to transcribe Chinese sounds Its Japanese counterpart is called “ Romaji ”

8. An Introduction to the Chinese ( Hanyu ) language Pinyin ( 拼音 ) and Pronunciation

9. Initials and Finals A syllable in the common speech of modern Chinese usually consists of an initial, which is a consonant that begins the syllable, and a final, which constitutes the rest of the syllable.

10. Initials and Finals For example, in the syllable “ping”, “p” is the initial and “ ing ” is the final. A syllable can stand without an initial, such a “e”, but all syllables must have a final. In the common speech of modern Chinese, there are altogether 21 initials and 38 finals.

11. Pronunciation Key Initials: m,n,l,h and f are pronounced similarly to their counterparts in the English language . b- unaspirated p- aspirated g- unaspiratd k-aspirated t- aspirated d- unaspirated

12. Pronunciation Key Finals: e, ie . The pronunciation of the “e” in a compound final is different from that of the simple final “e”.

13. Initials - shengmu

14. Initials - shengmu

15. Initials - shengmu

16. Initials - shengmu

17. Initials - shengmu

18. Initials - shengmu

19. Finals – yun mu

20. Simple Finals

21. Compound Finals

22. Compound Finals

23. Compound Finals

24. Compound Finals

25. Finals

26. Finals

27. Finals

28. The Four Tones 1 st tone - yinping high level 2 nd tone - yanping high rising 3 rd tone - shansheng low dipping 4 th tone - chusheng high falling

29. Grammar and Vocabulary The main characteristics of Chinese grammar is that it lacks of morphological changes in person, tense, gender, number, and case in the strict sense. Since Chinese is a language with few inflexions, the order of words in a sentence becomes of paramount importance in determining grammar.

30. Grammar and Vocabulary Two sentences may contain the same words, but they are arranged in different orders, they will carry different meanings. Subject Predicate Ni hao . Wo hen hao . Libo ye hen hao .