Basic cobcepts of Forestry and Agro-Forestry W-24.pdf

Basic Concepts of Forestry and Agro-forestry. Importance of Forestry and Agro-forestry. Basic Principles of Forestry and Agroforestry

1. Lecture No. 1

2. FRW-301 3(2-1)

3. BasicConcepts,Importanceand
Potentialof ForestryandAgro-
Forestry
FunctionalTreeMorphology
PlantGrowthand Environment
PrinciplesofForestryand
Agroforestry
LandCapabilityClassification
IntroductiontoVarious
AgroforestrySystems
DistributionofTreesinthe
Farmlands
TreeHarvestingand Utilization
100 terms related to Forestry
COURSE CONTENTS
Contents forMidExam Contents for Final Exam
TreePlantinginProblemSoils
ForestTypesof Pakistan
IntroductiontoRangeandits
Importance, RangeEcosystem
PrinciplesofRange
Management
Rangelandsof Pakistan
IntroductiontoWildlifeandits
Importance, Principlesof
WildlifeManagement
ImportantWildlifeSpeciesof
Pakistan
40 terms of Forestry + 40 terms
of Range Management + 20
terms of Wildlife Management

4. FOREST
A stable community of plants and
animals dominated by woody
vegetation.(OR)
Aplantcommunitypredominantlyof
trees andother woodyvegetation
occupyingan extensiveareaofland
usually withclosedcanopy.

5. Province/ TerritoryTotal Land Area
(in million ha)
Forest Area
(in million ha)
Forest Area
In (%)
KPK 10.17 1.16 11.41
Sindh 14.09 0.65 4.61
Punjab 20.63 0.59 2.86
Balochistan 34.72 0.95 2.74
Northern Areas7.04 0.95 13.49
Azad Kashmir 1.33 0.42 31.58
Total 87.98 4.72 5.36
DISTRIBUTION OF FOREST AREA
IN PAKISTAN

7. WOOD
The tissues ofthe stemandrootofa
woodyplant lyingbetween the pithand
cambium; servingfor water conduction,
mechanical strength and food storage;
characterizedbythepresenceofvessels
andtracheidscells.
TIMBER
Wood prepared for use in building and carpentry

8. TREE
Aperennialwoodygreenplantwitha
distinct uprightstem of6 feetor
moreheight.

9. SHRUB
Aperennialwoodygreenplant whose
stem cannotbedistinguishedfrom
branches

10. FORESTRY
Applicationofscience andartsto
mange aforestforgettingmaximum
yieldsonsustained bases.

11. RANGE
A vastareasupportingindigenous
vegetationthat iseithergrazedorhas
the potentialtobe grazed and
managedas anaturalecosystemis
called Range.

12. RANGEMANAGEMENT
Scienceandart ofobtainingmaximum
production fromarangelandon
sustainedbasisiscalled Range
Management.

13. IMPORTANCE OF FORESTS IN GLOBAL
CONTEXT
About 30% of the world’s land
surface is forest
Over 2 billion people rely on forests
for shelter, livelihood, water, food
and fuel
300 million people live in forests
including 60 million indigenous
people
More than 13 million people across
the world are employed in the formal
forest sector

14. ADVANTGESOFFORESTS
oIntermsof5
Fs:
Fruit
Forage
Fuel
Fiber
Fertilizer

15. BENEFITSOFTREES

16. ADVANTGESOFFOREST

17. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FORESTSAND
GHE
AdditionofCO2 byartificial way
throughburningof fossilfuel:
Railway,Industries,automobilesand
domestic cooking
TheExcessCO
2hascreatedaGHE
CO
2allows solar radiation to
penetrate through earth surface but
does not allow earth radiation to
passthroughand radiatebackto
space
ADVANTGESOFFOREST

18. REMEMBER THAT:
To grow a pound of wood, a
tree uses 1.47 pounds of
carbon dioxide and gives off
1.07 poundsofoxygen.
Reference:http://www.uky.edu/Agriculture/Forestry/forestry.html
A mature leafy tree produces as
much oxygen ina seasonas10
peopleinhaleinayear

19. POTENTIAL OF A TREE TO PRODUCE
PER DAY OXYGEN IN TERMS OF RUPEES
A human being uses about550 liters of
pure oxygenper day.
At present Price of oxygen = Rs50 per liter
Cost for 550 liters oxygen=550 x 50=Rs
27500/-
Total Required Oxygen for the availability
of 550 liters = 2200 liters
Cost for 2200 liters oxygen =2200 x 50=
Rs110,000/-
A mature leafytreecanproduces
about 226 litres (323 g) of oxygenper
dayamountingto Rs. (226 x 50)=
11300/-

21. SOMEOTHERADVANTGES OF
FORESTS
Medicines
•Smoke of Neempowder is mosquito
repellent
•EucalyptusandCassiafistula:
Treatmentof influenza
RawMaterial:Forsportsand
decoration pieces
Dyes,Gums, Resinsand Tannins
OtherMinorForest Products

22. Sourceofincome:
•Increasecropproduction
•Minorforestproducts
•Honeyfromforest.
•SilkbyraringSilkworm on Morusalba.
•Provisionofrawmaterialfor Industries
•Poles,plywood,timber,paper board,
gums, oils, sport goods.
SoilFertility (N-Fixation):
•Rhizobium(innodules),Nitrobacteria(in
Soils), Improvesoilstructure(byadding
organicmatter)
Landscaping
INDIRECTADVANTAGES OFFOREST

23. RoleforEnvironmental Stability
•Moderationofclimate
•Shelterbelts
•WindBreaks (decreasewindspeed)
•ReductioninPollution(Air,Water,Soil,Noice)
•Increaseatmospherichumidity
•Minimizetemperaturefluctuation
ControlofWater logging andsalinity
Decreaseofsoilerosion
ProvisionofHabitat/Shelterfor
Wildlife
Watershedprotection
INDIRECTADVANTAGES OFFOREST

24. WHAT IS AGRO-FORESTRY/
FARMFORESTRY
Practiceofforestryinfarmlandsfor
obtainingnumerousbenefitssuchas
wood,fuelandforage.(OR)
Growingoftrees alongwithfarmcrops
is knownas FarmForestry.

25. SOME FAMOUS EXAMPLES/TYPES
OF AGRO-FORESTRY
1-ALLEY-CROPPING
2-SILVO-PASTURE
3-FOREST FARMING
4-WINDBREAKS AND SHELTERBELTS
5-RIPARIAN BUFFERS

26. 1-ALLEY-CROPPING
Growingcropsbetweentreesplantedin
rows.
This system can produce fruits,
vegetables, grains, flowers and bio-energy
crops.

27. 2-SILVO-PASTURE
A deliberateuse oflandforthe
concurrent productionoftreesand
domestic animals.

28. 3-FOREST FARMING
Growing high value crops under the
protection of a managed tree canopy.
In forest farming natural forested area is
managed for both wood products and an
additional enterprise

29. 4-WINDBREAKS AND SHELTERBELTS
Growing trees or other plants to
shelter crops, animals, buildings and
soil from the wind and storms

30. 5-RIPARIAN BUFFERS
Maintaining wild or planted strips of trees,
shrubs, grasses and other plants along the
rivers and streams are called Riparian
Buffers

31. IMPORTANCEOFAGRO-FORESTRY
Totalwoodproductionfromfarmlands87%
Woodproductionfromstateowned forests
5%
Contributionof farmlandsforour totalFuel
woodproduction 90%
Contributionoffarmlandsforourtotal
timberproduction60%
Additionalincome
Properutilizationofland,water,space and
nutrients

32. % Tree
cover of
farmlands
%Timber
production
%Fuel
wood
production
Existing
Situation
2% 60% 90%
Potential
to
Increase
10% SavingofRs30billion
IMPORTANCEOFAGRO-FORESTRY
Wood ProductionPotentialinFarmlands

33. POTENTIAL OFAGRO-FORESTRY
Farm forests are major source of timber
and fuel wood production for us.
Besides supporting agricultural crops,
they are best sites for tree production
Following facts about agroforestry in
Pakistan will make the picture clearer.
1)Growth rate in our farm forests is
11% as compared to state forest,
which is only 1.5%

34. POTENTIAL OFAGRO-FORESTRY
2)Cost of production of wood in
farm forest is Rs47 per cubic
meter where as it is Rs372 per
cubic meter in the state forest
3)Farm forests give benefits of 200
to 400% where as state forests
under go a loss of 5-50%
4)Tree cover of farm forests can
easily be increased 4 to 5 times
where as tree cover in state
forest can only be doubled

35. Parameter FarmForestStateForest
Growthrate 11% 1.5%
Cost of
production
Rs.
Rs47/m
3 Rs372/m
3
Profit/loss(%)200to 400%
profit
5to 50%
Loss
Possible
increasein
tree cover
4-5times Double
POTENTIALOF AGRO-FORESTRY

36. IMPORTANCEOFAGRO-FORESTRY
Suggestions=>
The above discussion suggests clearly
to havearevolutionaryapproach:
i.e.Involvement of local people
especially thefarmersin making our
country green duringourlifetime.
Thefarmermust beawareabout
productiveaswellasprotectiverole
of treesforsafeguardingthevital
interestof agriculturallandandits
produce.

37. IMPORTANCEOFAGRO-FORESTRY
Itisinterestingtonotethatgrowingof
trees alongwithfarmcropsis
especiallybecoming popularnowa
days
Farmermustrealizetheprotectiverole
of trees
Farmermustunderstandthatfarming
alone cannotbedonesuccessfully
particularlyin marginallandsandin
extremeclimate
The onlywaytosuccessunderthese
conditionsis togrowfarmcropsand
trees sidebyside

39. REASONSFORNOTINCREASING
FORESTAREAIN PAKISTAN
UnfavorableClimate(High
Temperature,Low humidity
Lackofresearch
Lackofpublicity
Smallland holding
Delayed income
Tree-cropcompetition(fornutrients,
waterand light)
Unawarenessoffarmers
Difficultiesin farmoperations

40. MEASURES TO INCREASE THE AREA
OFFORESTANDTREECOVER
TreePlantationCampaigns
Publicityandawareness inPublic
Educationoffarmersto giveknowledgeof
moderntechniquesandbenefits of trees
FinancialAssistance
Provisionof suitableplantingmaterials
TrainingofForestryandAgricultureGraduates
Effective Research,EducationandExtension
Activities
Establishmentof WoodBasedIndustries
Special focusonAgroforestry

41. OBJECTIVESOFAGRO-FORESTRY
(undervariousclimatic,edaphicandsocio-
economicconditions)
NorthernHilly Areas
1Soiland waterconservation
2Productionoftimberandfuelwood
PlainAreasofPunjab andSindh
1Controlof Waterloggingandsalinity
2Productionoffuel wood
DesertAreas
1Shelteringoffarmcropsandhomes
againsthotdrywinds
2Productionofforage

42. NATIONALTREEOFPAKISTAN
Deodar(Cedrusdeodara)

43. TREESASCOMPLIMENTOFHISTORY

46. Good Luck to everyone!!