BASIC CONCEPT OF ENVIRONMENT AND DIFFERENT CONSTITUTENET OF ENVIRONMENT

bASIC CONCEPT OF ENVIRONMENT

1. UNIT-I Concept of Environment and Pollution 1 . Environment. Meaning and Concept 2. Pollution- Meaning and Effects of pollution 3. Environmental Pollution (Water, Air and Noise Pollution) 4. Meaning and standards, Culprits and victims , Offences and penalties .

2. UNIT-IV: Environment Protection Measures VIS A VIS Environment Pollution 1. Protection: means and sanctions 2. Protection agencies: power and functions 3. Emerging protection through delegated legislation 4. Hazardous waste 5. Bio- medical waste 6. Judiciary: complex problems in administration of environment justice

3. POLLUTION- MEANING AND EFFECTS OF POLLUTION

4. Pollution U nfavourable alteration to our surroundings. addition of any foreign material to water, air or soil, which may change immediately or after some time, the natural properties of these basic constituents.

5. Reasons for Pollution Industrialization , poverty, Population explosion , urbanization, over-exploitation of resources

6. Types of Pollution Water Pollution Air Pollution Noise Pollution Land Pollution Solid Wastes Pollution Food Pollution (Food Adulteration ) Thermal Pollution Nuclear (Radioactive) Pollution

7. Water Pollution contamination of water bodies. without adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds e.g Kanpur

8. Air Pollution Disturbing the Composition of Air

9. The major sources of air pollution are: Industrial emissions Vehicular emissions Domestic emissions

10. Noise Pollution Noise’ is any unwanted sound that disrupts environmental equilibrium. Noise is measured in decibels .

11. Sources of Noise Pollution motor vehicles , aircrafts, fire-crackers, sirens, loud speakers and machinery

12. Some adverse effects of noise pollution on human health are: Hearing loss or hearing impairment; Rise in blood pressure; Cardio-vascular health effects; Increase in stress level; and Decrease in efficiency and concentration

13. Land Pollution Deforestation, release of toxic substances on the land, throwing of unhygienic waste on earth, dumping of garbage, biomedical waste Excessive use of pesticides

14. Solid Wastes Pollution Solid wastes’ includes agricultural wastes, ashes , bio-medical wastes , body parts of dead animals, dry or wet garbage from domestic activities which may contain plastics, metals , woods , glass , paper, detergents , industrial wastes, mining wastes etc.

15. Food Pollution (Food Adulteration) Use of chemical fertilizers and various pesticides at different stages of plant growth Food also gets polluted during processing, storage, packaging and transportation.

16. Thermal Pollution Any undesirable, harmful change in natural temperature disturbing the natural heat balance of the surroundings is called ‘Thermal Pollution’

17. Nuclear (Radioactive) Pollution Nuclear pollution’ is produced by nuclear explosion. Due to these explosions about 15 to 25% of the radioactive particles enter into the atmosphere.

18. Once they enter into the atmosphere they continue to fall on the earth for several years. The best example is the Hiroshima Atomic Bombings.