Basic fire safety.pptttttttttttttttttttt

Basic fire safety

1. BASIC SAFETY

2. TRAINING CONTENTS
CHEMISTRY OF FIRE
CLASSES OF FIRE
STAGES OF FIRE
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
FIRE RISKS AT HOME & OFFICE
S
IN CASEOF FIRE
 USE OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

3. -Fire is a chemical reaction of 3 elements.
What is FIRE?
Need all three components to start a fire.
Fireextinguishersremoveone or more of the
components.
The “Fire Triangle” identifies the three components of any Fire:
–Fuel paper, wood, flammable gas, energized electrical equipment,
etc...
–Energy (heat), sufficient to support combustion.Often referred to as
the ignition source.
–Oxidizer (air)
IF ANY ONE OF THESE IS MISSING, A FIRE CANNOT CONTINUE.

4. Types of

5. Stages of Fire
Initial Stage
(0 Seconds to 10
Minutes)
Blaze Sta
ge
(Over 10 Minut
es)
TIME FACTOR
Incipient Stage Blaze Stage
Class A 0 -10 Minutes Over 10 Minutes
Class B 0 -1 Minutes Over 1 Minute
Class C 0 - 30 Seconds Over 30 Seconds
Class E Leads To a Fire in Another Class of Fire

6. FIRE FIGHTING METHODS

7. Common Causes of Fire
•Electrical Hazards: Faulty wiring, overloaded circuits, and equipment malfunction can lead to electrical fires.
•Flammable Materials: Improper storage or handling of flammable liquids, gases, or combustible dust can ignite.
•Hot Work: Activities such as welding, cutting, and grinding can produce sparks that ignite nearby flammable materials.
•Machinery and Equipment: Overheating or malfunction of machinery can cause fires.
•Human Error: Accidental ignition due to improper use of equipment, neglecting safety protocols, or carelessness.
•Static Electricity: In environments where flammable gases, vapors, or dust are present, static discharge can ignite.
•Poor Housekeeping: Accumulation of dust, debris, or flammable waste can act as fuel for fires.
•Chemical Reactions: Improper mixing or storage of chemicals can lead to exothermic reactions that cause fires.
•Smoking: Unauthorized smoking in or near production areas where flammable materials are present.
•Mechanical Friction: Moving parts in machinery that aren’t properly lubricated can create friction, leading to heat

build-up and fire.

8. FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
EARLY WARNING SYSTEM
Fire Alarm & Smoke Detection syste
m Heat / Gas Leak Detector
Fire Extinguishers – Portable type

9. Fire Protection System:
•Smoke / Heat Detectors
•Break Glass Stations (Raising Alarm
)
•Fire Hose Reels
•Portable Fire Extinguishers
•Fire Exit Doors
•Fire panel board
•Drencher System.
•Sprinkler System.

10. FIRE PREVENTION
Prevention is always better than Control. To pre prevent the Fire accidents
we have to eliminate the common Fire Hazards of the work are
Heat generating appliances.
Static Electricity and Short circuits.
Non-Flame proof equipments.
Storage and handling of flammables/combustibles.
Open flames and Hot surfaces.
Exothermic reactions leads to explosions.
Vehicles and equipment and other unsafe acts & conditions.
Remember the Following
1.Portable fire extinguishers are suitable for small fires. i.e. The fires are in the incipient stage.
2.Portable fire extinguishers can be handled by any work place personnel, who
had aware in its handling.
3.If the Fire is large leave it to ERT members (Firefighting), they can control the fire by using Fire hyd
rant / Other appropriate measures.
4.All new entrants should be instructed in Fire safety awareness and emergency evacuation plans.

11. FIRE FIGHTING MEDIA
SAND
Absorbs Fuel Smothers
BLANKETING
Jackets
Asbestos Blankets BEATIN
G OUT
Fire Beaters

12. Different Type of Fire Extinguishers

13. Fire Extinguishers - Blanket
•Any colour body or label but they
are usually red or white
•For use on any type of fire but best
on small contained class B fires a
nd people on fire.
•Extinguishes by asphyxiating

14. Fire Extinguisher Anatomy
35
DISCHARGE HOS
E
DISCHARGE NOZZL
E
DISCHARGE ORIFIC
E
BODY
DATA PLAT
E
CARRYIN
G HANDL
E
PRESSURE GAUGE
(not found on CO
2 e
xtinguishers)DISCHARGE LEVE
R
DISCHARGE LOCKING PI
N AND SEAL

15. Extinguisher- Dry chemical powde
r
Parts of a Fire Extinguisher

16. How to use a Fire Extinguisher
Remember this easy acronym when using an extinguisher - P.A.S.S
.
•Pull the pin.
•Aim the nozzle.
•Squeeze the handle.
•Sweep side to side at the base of the
fire.

17. Response at Fire situation
FUEL
Indoor Fire
X
IGNITI
ON
Outdoor Fire
IGNITION
AIR
FX
U
EL
X
AIR X

18. Fire Emergency Response
Rescue – rescue clients in immediate danger.
Alert – Shout Fire! Fire! (or) Pull fire alarm (or) Dial emergenc
y phone number.
Contain – Close all doors and windows.
Extinguish/ Evacuate – Extinguish small fires, evacuate clients, i
f appropriate.
R
A
C
E
Remember to RACE during a fire

19. IN CASE OF FIRE

20. Fire Prevention
•Be mindful of Fire Safety
•Don’t block fire exits, call
points or extinguishers
•No smoking policy
•Take care when cooking
•Observe good security
•Don’t wedge Fire Doors ope
n

21. Fire Procedure - Fire Alarm
•Leave the building immediately
•Use the nearest exit
•Walk quickly but don’t run closing doors
behind you
•Do not delay your exit to collect your be
longings
•Attend the Fire Assembly Point and rep
ort to the Fire Warden

22. •Fire Eats Oxygen
–Oxygen makes up about 21% of the air we
breathe
–We need that 21% to survive
–Anything less can harm our bodies
–The more a fire grows, the more oxygen it
takes and the less we have

23. •It is important to treat your burn correctly, no matter w
hat degree it is
Cool the burned area with cool water for at least 10 mi
nutes
Seek medical treatment, if necessary
Never put butter or ice on your burn
– the doctor will give you something if needed

24. •Stop where you
are
•NEVER RUN!

25. •Drop to the ground, cover your fac
e with your hands, and
•Roll back and forth until the flames are out.

26. •When our smoke alarm sounds, we should GE
T OUT and STAY OUT. If there is smoke, we sh
ould crawl low under the smoke until we are o
utside.

27. •Before opening any doors, we should feel
them with the back of our hand. If it feels
hot, we should use our second exit.

28. •we leave our house, we should remember to close th
e doors behind us to help slow the spread of smoke
and give us more time to escape.

29. •we should never pull a fire alarm unless
there really is a fire.

30. 90
Exit Route
•A continuous and unobstructed path of exit tr
avel from any point within a workplace to a pl
ace of safety (including refuge areas)
•Consists of three parts:
–Exit access
–Exit
–Exit discharge

31. 96
Minimize Danger to Employees
•Exit routes must be free and unobstructed
•Keep exit routes free of explosive or highly flammable materials
•Arrange exit routes so that employees will not have to travel tow
ard a high hazard area, unless it is effectively shielded
Obstructed exit route