Basic Mechanical Engineering-MID-I - Copy.pptx

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1. BASIC MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Dr. G.Praveen Kumar Assistant Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering Unit-I Introduction to Mechanical Engineering

2. Course Outcomes: CO1: Understand the different manufacturing processes. CO2: Explain the basics of thermal engineering and its applications. CO3: Describe the working of different mechanical power transmission systems and power plants. CO4: Describe the basics of robotics and its applications.

3. BASIC MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Unit-I Chapter-1 : Introduction to Mechanical Engineering

4. Mechanical Engineer play in our society and in Industries Mechanical engineers are involved in almost every aspect of human existence and welfare, including machines, cars and other vehicles, aircraft, power plants, automobile parts, and manufacturing plants etc. A Mechanical Engineer plays a significant role in designing, developing, and testing machines as well as thermal devices. It also includes systems that are essential to many aspects of modern society and Industries . They use their knowledge of mechanics, thermodynamics, materials science, and energy to create solutions that improve the quality of life of people.

5. Besides, the role of a mechanical engineer in our society is contributed as: Power Generation: Mechanical engineers design and develop power-generating machines such as internal combustion engines, gas turbines, and steam and wind turbines etc Heating and Cooling Systems: They design and develop heating, ventilation, refrigeration and air conditioning systems for buildings and other structures. Transportation: Mechanical engineers are involved in designing and developing transportation systems, including cars, trains, airplanes, steamers and boats. Industrial Equipment: They design, develop and maintain industrial equipment such as machine tools, robots, and conveyor systems & belts Infrastructure: Mechanical engineers play a key role in the design and maintenance of infrastructure, including buildings, bridges, roads, and transportation systems. Overall, Mechanical Engineers are involved in designing, building, and maintaining the engines, machines, and structures that make modern life possible and comfortable.

6. Besides, the role of a mechanical engineer in our society is contributed as: Power Generation: Mechanical engineers design and develop power-generating machines such as internal combustion engines, gas turbines, and steam and wind turbines etc.

7. Besides, the role of a mechanical engineer in our society is contributed as: Heating and Cooling Systems: They design and develop heating, ventilation, refrigeration and air conditioning systems for buildings and other structures.

8. Besides, the role of a mechanical engineer in our society is contributed as: Transportation: Mechanical engineers are involved in designing and developing transportation systems, including cars, trains, airplanes, steamers and boats.

9. Transportation

10. Besides, the role of a mechanical engineer in our society is contributed as: Industrial Equipment: They design, develop and maintain industrial equipment such as machine tools, robots, and conveyor systems & belts

11. Besides, the role of a mechanical engineer in our society is contributed as: Infrastructure: Mechanical engineers play a key role in the design and maintenance of infrastructure, including buildings, bridges, roads, and transportation systems.

12. Emerging Technologies used in Energy Sector, Manufacturing Sector, Automotive Sector, Aerospace Sector, Marine Sector, Bio Medical Engineering, Infrastructure Sector Technologies in Energy Sector The energy sector relies on a wide range of technologies to produce, transmit, store, and manage energy from various sources. These technologies are essential for meeting the world's growing energy demands while addressing environmental concerns and increasing energy efficiency. Here are some key technologies used in the energy sector : Fossil Fuel Technologies : Renewable Energy Technologies : Nuclear Energy Technologies: Energy Storage Technologies: Smart Grid Technologies: Electric Vehicle (EV) Technologies : Hydrogen Technologies: Energy Efficiency Technologies: Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU):

13. Fossil Fuel Technologies : Combustion Turbines and Generators: These systems burn fossil fuels like natural gas and coal to generate electricity efficiently . Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS): CCS technologies capture and store carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel-based power plants, helping to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. Renewable Energy Technologies: Solar Power : Photovoltaic ( PV) cells and Solar panels convert sunlight into electricity, providing clean and renewable energy for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. Wind Power: Wind turbines harness wind energy to generate electricity, with onshore and offshore installations becoming increasingly common. Hydroelectric Power: Hydroelectric dams and turbines capture the energy of flowing water to produce electricity. Geothermal Energy: Geothermal power plants utilize heat from the Earth's core to generate electricity and provide heating and cooling. Biomass and Bioenergy: Biomass energy technologies convert organic materials like wood, agricultural residues, and waste into biofuels, heat, and electricity.

14. 3. Nuclear Energy Technologies: Nuclear Reactors: Nuclear power plants use controlled nuclear reactions to produce electricity efficiently and with low carbon emissions. 4.Energy Storage Technologies: Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS): Batteries store excess electricity generated from renewable sources and release it when needed, enhancing grid stability. Pumped Hydro Storage: This technology stores energy by pumping water to an elevated reservoir and releasing it to generate electricity when demand is high. Thermal Energy Storage: Thermal storage systems store heat or cold and release it when needed for heating or cooling purposes. 5. Smart Grid Technologies : Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI): AMI systems enable two-way communication between utilities and consumers, providing real-time data for better energy management. Distributed Energy Resources (DERs): DERs include technologies like rooftop solar panels and small-scale wind turbines, allowing consumers to generate and store their electricity.

15. 6. Electric Vehicle (EV) Technologies: EV Charging Infrastructure: Charging stations and networks are crucial for the widespread adoption of electric vehicles . 7. Hydrogen Technologies : Hydrogen Production: Electrolysis and other methods produce hydrogen for use as a clean energy carrier. Fuel Cells: Fuel cell technologies use hydrogen to generate electricity with high efficiency and low emissions. 8. Energy Efficiency Technologies : Energy-efficient Appliances: Advanced appliances, lighting, and HVAC systems reduce energy consumption in residential and commercial buildings. Industrial Efficiency Measures: Technologies like variable frequency drives (VFDs) and energy-efficient motors improve energy efficiency in industrial processes. 9 . Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU): CCU technologies capture carbon dioxide emissions and convert them into useful products, such as chemicals and construction materials . These technologies continue to evolve and play a critical role in addressing energy challenges, reducing carbon emissions, and transitioning to a more sustainable and resilient energy future.

16. Emerging Technologies used in Energy Sector, Manufacturing Sector, Automotive Sector, Aerospace Sector, Marine Sector, Bio Medical Engineering, Infrastructure Sector Manufacturing Sector The manufacturing sector relies on a wide range of technologies to produce goods efficiently, with precision, and at scale. These technologies are essential for improving productivity, quality control, and flexibility in the manufacturing process. Here are some key technologies used in the manufacturing sector: Computer-Aided Design (CAD): Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM ): Additive Manufacturing (3D Printing ): Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES ): Quality Control and Inspection: Material Handling Systems: Internet of Things ( IoT ) : Advanced Materials and Composites: Advanced Manufacturing Technologies : Lean Manufacturing and Six Sigma: Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS) : Digital Twins:

17. 1. Computer-Aided Design (CAD): CAD software allows engineers and designers to create detailed 2D and 3D models of products and components. These models serve as the basis for product design and development. 2. Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM): CAM software generates tool paths and instructions for automated machinery like CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machines, robots, and 3D printers, enabling precise and automated manufacturing processes. 3. Additive Manufacturing (3D Printing): 3D printing technologies create three-dimensional objects by adding material layer by layer. They are used for rapid prototyping, custom manufacturing, and producing complex geometries. 4 . Robotics and Automation: Industrial robots perform various tasks such as welding, assembly, packaging, and material handling, improving efficiency, precision, and safety in manufacturing processes. 5 . Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES): MES software manages and monitors production processes, tracks inventory, and optimizes scheduling to enhance manufacturing efficiency. 6. Quality Control and Inspection: Automated inspection systems, such as vision systems and coordinate measuring machines (CMMs), ensure product quality by detecting defects and deviations from specifications. 7. Material Handling Systems: Conveyors , automated guided vehicles (AGVs), and material handling robots transport materials and products within manufacturing facilities, reducing manual labour and errors.

18. 8. IoT and Industrial Internet of Things ( IIoT ): IoT sensors and devices collect data from machines and processes, enabling real-time monitoring, predictive maintenance, and process optimization. 9 . Advanced Materials and Composites: The use of advanced materials, like carbon fiber composites and high performance polymers, allows for lightweight and durable product design. 10. Advanced Manufacturing Technologies: Technologies like laser cutting, waterjet cutting, and electrical discharge machining (EDM) provide precise cutting and shaping capabilities. 11. Lean Manufacturing and Six Sigma: Lean and Six Sigma methodologies optimize manufacturing processes, eliminate waste, and improve product quality and consistency. 12. Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS): FMS integrates various manufacturing processes and equipment to enable rapid changeovers and production of multiple products in a single facility. 13. Digital Twins: Digital twins create virtual replicas of physical manufacturing systems, allowing for simulation, testing, and optimization before implementing changes in the real world.

19. Emerging Technologies used in Energy Sector, Manufacturing Sector, Automotive Sector, Aerospace Sector, Marine Sector, Bio Medical Engineering, Infrastructure Sector Automotive sector: The automotive sector is a hub of technological innovation, and it relies on a wide range of technologies to design, manufacture, and enhance vehicles. These technologies contribute to safety, performance, efficiency, and sustainability. Here are some key technologies used in the automotive sector: Electric and Hybrid Vehicles : Autonomous Driving: Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS ): Autonomous Vehicles (AVs ): Connectivity and Infotainment: Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) Communication : Advanced Manufacturing Technologies : Energy Storage Systems (Batteries and Fuel Cells): Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS) : Digital Twins:

20. 1. Computer-Aided Design (CAD): CAD software allows engineers and designers to create detailed 2D and 3D models of products and components. These models serve as the basis for product design and development. 2. Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM): CAM software generates tool paths and instructions for automated machinery like CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machines, robots, and 3D printers, enabling precise and automated manufacturing processes. 3. Additive Manufacturing (3D Printing): 3D printing technologies create three-dimensional objects by adding material layer by layer. They are used for rapid prototyping, custom manufacturing, and producing complex geometries. 4 . Robotics and Automation: Industrial robots perform various tasks such as welding, assembly, packaging, and material handling, improving efficiency, precision, and safety in manufacturing processes. 5 . Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES): MES software manages and monitors production processes, tracks inventory, and optimizes scheduling to enhance manufacturing efficiency. 6. Quality Control and Inspection: Automated inspection systems, such as vision systems and coordinate measuring machines (CMMs), ensure product quality by detecting defects and deviations from specifications. 7. Material Handling Systems: Conveyors , automated guided vehicles (AGVs), and material handling robots transport materials and products within manufacturing facilities, reducing manual labour and errors.

21. Different Technologies in Automotive Sector Electric and Hybrid Vehicles: The rise of electric and hybrid vehicles is transforming the automotive industry Autonomous Driving: Autonomous or self-driving vehicles use advanced sensors, cameras, radar, and lidar technologies along with artificial intelligence. Connected Vehicles: IoT technologies enable vehicles to communicate with each other and with infrastructure, leading to advancements in vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication.

22. Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS): ADAS includes features like adaptive cruise control, lane departure warning, collision avoidance systems. Advanced Materials: Lightweight materials such as carbon fibre, aluminium, and high-strength composites are used to reduce vehicle weight Augmented Reality (AR) and Heads-Up Displays (HUD): AR technologies and HUDs provide real-time information to drivers, enhancing navigation, safety, and overall driving experience.

23. Advanced Materials and Composites: Lightweight materials and composites like carbon fiber -reinforced polymers are used to reduce the weight of aircraft. Additive Manufacturing (3D Printing): 3D printing is employed to produce complex and lightweight components, reducing production costs and enabling rapid prototyping. Fly-by-Wire Systems: Fly-by-wire systems replace traditional manual controls with electronic systems.

24. Advanced Avionics and Navigation Systems: Advanced avionics include state-of-the-art navigation systems, radar, and communication technologies, improving safety and navigation capabilities. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Drones: UAVs and drones have applications in surveillance, cargo delivery, and even passenger transport. Electric and Hybrid Aircraft: Similar to the automotive sector, electric and hybrid propulsion systems are being explored in the aerospace industry.