Basic Modes of Mechanical Ventilation

Basic Modes of Mechanical Ventilation

1. Mechanical Ventilation: The Basic Modes

2. Basic Modes of Ventilation

3. The Control Modes – Require a set respiratory rate Volume Control Pressure Control Gas flow adjusts to deliver a pre-determined tidal volume Gas flow adjusted to maintain constant inspiratory pressure

4. Volume Control Volume control Set volume Set rate Set F i O 2 Set I:E

5. Pressure Control Pressure Control Set P inspired Set rate Set F i O 2 Set I:E

6. The Control Modes Assist Control Gives a full ventilator breath at the set rate - AND – for each additional breath triggered by patient effort Synchronized Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation Gives a full ventilator breath per the set rate - ONLY

7. The Support Modes – Support a Spontaneously Breathing Patient

8. Pressure Support (PSV) Pressure Support Ventilation (PSV) Support pressure is set (cmH2O) Pressure is triggered by start of inspiration Pressure support only during inspiration

9. PEEP Positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) Set via pressurized valve or diaphragm Present throughout the respiratory cycle Opens airways and alveoli Improves oxygenation Critical modality in “ open lung ” ventilation strategies for ARDS Can be added in all modes inspir. expir . (time) 5 10 PEEP (press.)

10. PSV + PEEP = BiLevel (BPAP) Pressure Support and PEEP Pressure support only occurs in inspiration PEEP is present throughout respiratory cycle They are added together during inspiration inspir. expir . (press.) (time) 5 10 PS PEEP this is “ 5 PS + 5 PEEP ” :

11. CPAP Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) A positive pressure threshold applied continuously Requires a high-flow gas source Prevents inspiratory pressures from falling below expiratory levels Prevents larger airways collapse