BASIC OF NURSING SKILLS PRESENTATIONS.pptx

Bls

1. BASIC NURSING SKILLS BY KONDUTO G. O.

2. OBJECTIVE OF THE COURSE This course is designed to enable the student to understand the principles of nursing and apply basic nursing skills in patient management

3. OUTLINE History of nursing Nursing process-plan of care. M onitoring and evaluation; Infection control practices-aseptic techniques, barrier nursing , Specimen collection, storage and transportation; Admissions and discharge procedures, Care of equipment and supplies, care of the dying and the dead; Nurse clinician relationship

4. DEFINITION Nurse - is a word derived from Latin ‘ nutrix ’ meaning – to nourish. Nurse therefore was described as a person who nourishes, fosters, protect a patient. Nursing - is a profession within the health care sector focused on the care of individuals, families, communities so they may attain, maintain, or recover optimal health and quality of life.

5. Historical background One of the oldest practice. I t was not considered a profession, most times people mainly males would be made to take care of the patient during and after wars. Their roles in patient care was social norms. The following civilization are recorded to have developed orders of nursing practice.

6. EGYPTIANS Settled along River Nile in 18 th Century They developed common planning that helped to avoid health related problems I. e. h ygiene and sanitation. They developed the house of death and art and embalming (preparation of dead bodies) They used some of these days’ modern implements to care for their sick people.

7. BABYLONIANS. Believed sickness was a punishment from sinning or displeasing God. They developed some surgeons who used crude instruments They were fond of number 7 which is still superstition in some countries till today . Represent fullness of life (4 physical and 3 spiritual) symbol of eternal life.

8. CHINA Remembered of worshipping gods and emphasis for places for healthy bodies. Introduced drugs from a tree to treat respiratory problems. Invented diagnosis theory method.

9. INDIVIDUALS AND NURSING Women took Centre in providing nursing care in different situations, the women religious leadership were mainly in titles of deaconess.

10. PHOEBE A Roman lady. Was a visiting nurse. Was referred as 1 st deaconess. She carried Paul’s letter, cared for him and many others . She was responsible for feeding the hungry, caring for the prisoners, sick, shelters, burying the dead.

11. DORCAS Position of deaconess. Provided old women with clothing and blankets. An elderly woman who looked after the sick.

12. ST MARCELLA. Established the 1 st monastery (religious home) for women in her beautiful home which the first nurse studied. St Jerome interpreted Bible here – spiritual passage. Fled her home to a nearby church where she died.

13. FABIOLA From a great wealthy family in Rome. Divorced and remarried 2 nd husband. She became a Christian. And committed to Christian life. Started charity after death of 2 nd husband died. Build 1 st public hospital in Rome in 380 AD. Died in AD 399.

14. ST. PAULA Scholar of St Marcella’s school. Wealthy and learned. Assisted St Jerome in translation of prophets’ writings. Devoted public hospitals for the pilgrims Built large hospitals that have remained in Jerusalem. Some credit her as the first teacher of nursing.

15. BEGINNING OF CHANGE. In 1500 AD Spanish and Portuguese started travelling over the world. 1 st hospital immaculate Mission colleges were founded in 1524. Many activities about medical discoveries took place. British father of medicine, invented blood circulation/ described pathology . Catholic nuns established school of M orden nursing called kaisorswarth where Florence Nightingale the founder of modern nursing studied for three years.

16. FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE. Born May 12 th 1820. 2 nd born in a wealthy family. Named after town of birth. Well educated, cultured, and wanted to be a nurse. S he is the founder of modern nursing a career that is respected to date. She modified a systematic way of identifying patient problem and solving them. The Nursing process and other fundermental nursing skills

17. Nursing skills Nursing skills used in care of patients include The nursing process. Infection prevention Admissions and discharges Equipment and supplies Specimen handling.

18. THE NURSING PROCESS It a systematic way of examining a patient with view to providing interventions that would lead you to solving patient’s problems. Each individual patients has different nursing care approach.

19. COMPONENTS OF NURSING PROCESS Assessment. Checking for the needs of the patient. New intervention or ongoing Diagnosis. Identifying the a problem. Planning. Guide to care to the patient. What you want to do. Appropriate scheming of planning.  

20. CT’S Implementation . Do actual care. Conduct what was planned. Eg bed making, wound dressing. Implement with priority. Evaluation. Check if you have carried out your nursing process, completed or refreshed, the ultimate condition of the patient .

21. CT’S Documentation. Work or procedure not documented is no activity done. This remains as a record. Legal, guide, for team work, moral for the patient. Record findings and all the processes.

22. 2. INFCTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL Infection prevention and control? Is Managing the infection process of Removal of the patient from the site of infection. Stop entry or spread of the pathogen into the patient. Contain the level of the infection in the patient. Remove the infection.

23. Methods of infection control in nursing. Barrier and reverse barrier nursing. Isolating patients with infectious disease and isolating patients with low immunity from other owing to ease of getting infected Protective gears – Equipment for protection against infection e. g. gloves, apron, Gumboots, Goggles, mask, caps e.t.c . Aseptic technique . use of sterile item in sterile procedures .

24. Ct’s Disinfection – use of chemicals for infection control/prevention. Bactericidal or bacteriostatic . Refuse aggregation Is a methods of refuse separation and disposal a cording to how infectious they are. Avoid environmental- local or general hazards these are environment that promote transfer of microbes. Practice high level of sanitation

25. DECONTAMINATION PROCESS CHLORINE CLEA N WATER ( RINSING) SOAPY WATER (WASHING) PLAIN WATER )

26. DECONTAMINATION BUCKET

27. STERILIZATION Chemical ( CIDEX) Thermal ( AUTOCLAVE) FOR REMOVAL OF TOUGH BACTERIAL ENDOSPORE

28. 3 . SPECIMEN MANAGEMENT/HANDLING This includes, Collection. Storage. Transportation. All specimens are better treated as hazards. Can be harmful.

29. Types of specimen Stool. Sputum. Blood. Pus. Urine.

30. Ct’s Tissues/Biopsy. Cells- smears. Eg Blood smear or Pap smears. Each specimen type has its specific method of collection and container.

31. Principle of sample collection B lood chemistry is not uniform throughout the day C orrect collection and accuracy. Labelling. C orrect storage. Correct transportation and accuracy. S elf safety and disposal.

32. 4. ADMISSIONS AND DISCHARGE PROCEDURES. Admissions - This is based on the patient whether Ambulant, Non-ambulant patients. S upported , W heelchair

33. Ct’s Stretcher patients. Accompanied patients. Non accompanied patients

34. Admission process Include the following; Assessment Planning Implementation Evaluation Documentation

35. 1. A ssessment Areas of assessment includes; The physiological state of the patient - tis is to determine if the patient can tolerate admission procedure or require emergency interventions an optimization Number of patients companions – to determine enough space for seating and comfort. Provisional diagnosis ( impression) – to determine the type of room and bed to be assigned for the patient.

36. 2. Planning Areas of planning includes; Self – Getting yourself ready to receive a new patient, hand washing Patient – Provide the patient and relative seats for comfort. Explain the admission procedure ( requirement, no of ct’s , their role and your role) Equipment and supplies – Arranging admission items in a trolley ready for use Environment – Include room prepation to receive the patient ( well li room clean uniform, extra seat (s) resuscitative apparatus if required , oxygen if required)

37. 3. Implementation Is the actual enrolment of the new patient in the ward which include; T aking the patient to the bed, provide uniform, and other utilities Assess the patient using a nursing process Inspect valuables and identify the ones to be taken back home be clear the number of relatives allowed to remain if need be and ensure their comfort.

38. CT’S Label, make list of items that must remain in ward and store appropriately. Introduce the patient to thither staff and patients. Ensure the patient takes bathe if able or assist where necessary. Administer due medications/treatment in time.

39. CT’S Inform physician for review. Develop nursing care plan. Dispose of used equipment and supplies appropriately. Keep trolley and trays used in the right place. Continue with monitoring and observation as required.

40. 4. Evaluation On this, find out the following; Patient interaction with other staff Patient orientation in the ward premises. If the assessment is adequate for diagnosis and plan of care. The feeling of the patient relative(s) about patient admission

41. 5. Documentation. Is recording of information obtained from the patient Information to be documented include History obtained Patient assessment finding Treatment given

42. Ct’s Priority intervention Evaluation finding Physician review time and orders.

43. DISCHARGE Is the nursing care services/ intervention during release of a patient from in-patient hospital Its process also includes; Assessment. Planning. Implementation. Evaluation. Documentation.

44. 1. Assessment The following assessed; Medical state of the patient on discharge. Level of readiness of the patient to go home. Level of preparedness of patient relatives/ g uardian. Mode of travel and residence in relation to patient condition.

45. 2. P lanning Self P atient notes. Review discharge procedure and legal implication. P repare information to share with patient. Assemble medication to taken at home. Patient Confirm awareness of patient discharge details. Assist in the process of clearing hospital bills. Plan for their transport if required.

46. 3. Implementation. Is the release of the patient from the hospital. It includes; Sharing information with the patient on treatment on his/her health condition, treatment and follow up care as appropriate. Giving instruction on how to take and keep/store drugs. E ducate the patient on side effects of drugs given and how to manage them.

47. 4. Evaluation Find out if the following; Patient understanding on his role in home treatment and strengthen. Extent to which the patient Is ready for discharge. Evaluate discharge notes, medication and follow up schedules.

48. 5. Documentation This is record of discharge process activities. It includes State of the patient on discharge. Treatment to continue at home ( drugs on discharge). Follow up schedule. Time and date of discharge. expected destination of the patient. Companion of the patient and relationship.

49. EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLY. Requisition process and documents Storage. Stock taking. Issues. Bin card, Hand over. Documentation.

50. CARE OF THE DYING. Resuscitation - Emergency drugs and equipment. Certification of the dead - Done by physician. Dead before arrivals. Last offices - Care of dead bodies Transportation – ferrying dead bodies from the ward to mortuary for Storage.

51. Nurse and clinician relationship. Roles overlap. Respect of one’s presence and opinion. Collective responsibility to one another. Both are for the patients. Avoid arguments and bickering near patients. Use educative and promotional languages near the patients. The nurse-clinician relationship should not be a threat to the patient.