Basic of reaction turbine slideshare

It covers theory about Reaction turbine

1. Sanjivani Rural Education Society’s
Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kopargaon-423 603
(An Autonomous Institute, Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune)
NAAC ‘A’ Grade Accredited, ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Subject:-Turbo Machines
T.E.Mechanical
UNIT 3 :-Reaction Water Turbine
Purushottam W. Ingle
Assistant Professor

2. 1
•INAREACTIONTURBINE,THERUNNERUTLISES
BOTHPOTENTIAL ANDKINETICENERGIES.
ASTHEWATERFLOWSTHROUGHTHESTATIONARY
PARTSOFATURBINE,WHOLEOFITSPRESSURE
ENERGY ISNOTTRANSFORMED TOKINETIC
ENERGYANDWHENWATERFLOWSTHROUGHTHE
MOVING PARTS,THEREISCHANGE INBOTH
PRESSUREANDVELOCITYOFFLOWOFWATER
P.W. Ingle Department Of Mechanical Engineering, Sanjivani COE, Kopargaon 5/18/2021

3. Francis Turbine
THEMAINPARTS:
PENSTOCK----ITISALARGESIZECONDUITWHICHCONVEYSWATER
FROMUPSTREAMOFTHEDAM/RESERVOIRTOTHETURBINERUNNER.
SPIRAL/SCROLLCASING-----ITCONSTITUITESACLOSEDPASSASE
WHOSECROSSSECTIONALAREAGRADUALLY DECREASESALONG
THEFLOWDIRECTION,AREAISMAXIMUM ATINLETANDNEARLY
ZEROATEXITCASINGISSPIRALSHAPE,SOTHATTHEWATERMAY
ENTERTHERUNNERATCONSTANTVELOCITYTHROUGHOUTTHE
CIRCUMFERENCE OFTHERUNNER.CASINGISMADEOFCONCRETE,
CASTSTEEL,ORPLATESTEEL
5/18/2021 P.W. Ingle Department Of Mechanical Engineering, Sanjivani COE, Kopargaon

4. Guide Vanes or Guide Vanes & Stay Vanes
•ThebasicPurposeoftheguideorvanesstayvanesistoconvertapart
ofpressureenergyofthefluidatitsentrancetothekineticenergyand
thentodirectthefluidontotherunnerbladesattheangleappropriate
tothedesign.
•Moreover,theguidevanesarepivotedandcanbeturnedbya
suitablegoverningmechanismtoregulatetheflowwhiletheload
changes.
•Theguidevanesarealsoknownaswicketgates.
•Theguidevanesimpartatangentialvelocityandhenceanangular
momentumtothewaterbeforeitsentrytotherunner.
5/18/2021 P.W. Ingle Department Of Mechanical Engineering, Sanjivani COE, Kopargaon

5. RUNNER AND RUNNER BALDES
•THEDRIVINGFORCEONTHERUNNERISBOTHDUE
TOIMPULSEANDREACTIONEFFECTSITISA
CIRCULARWHEELONWHICHASERIESOFRADIAL
CURVRDVANESAREFIXED.
•THENUMBER OFBLADESUSUALLY VARIES
BETWEEN16T024.
DRAFTTUBE:THEPRESSUREATEXITISLESSTHANATM.
PRESSURETHUSITISAGRADUALLY EXPANDINGTUBE
WHICHDICHARGES WATER,PASSINGTHROUGH THE
RUNNER,TOTHETAILRACE.
5/18/2021 P.W. Ingle Department Of Mechanical Engineering, Sanjivani COE, Kopargaon

6. 5/18/2021 P.W. Ingle Department Of Mechanical Engineering, Sanjivani COE, Kopargaon

7. THEMODERN FRANCISTURBINEISANMIXEDFLOW
REACTIONTURBINEi.e.WATERUNDERPRESSURE,ENTERSTHE
RUNNERFROMTHEGUIDEVANESTOWARDSTHECENTRE.
INRADIALDIRECTIONANDDICHRGESOUTOFTHE
RINNERAXIALLY.
THEHEADACTINGONTHETURBINEISPARTLY
TRANSFORMED INTOK.E.ANDRESTREMAINS AS
PRESSUREHAED.THEREISDIFFERENCE OFPRESSURE
BETWEENTHEGUIDEVANESANDTHERUNNERWHICHIS
CALLEDTHEREACTIONPRESSUREANDISRESPONSIBLE
FORTHEMOTIONOFTHERUNNER,THUSFRANCIS
TURBINEISAREACTIONTURBINE
5/18/2021 P.W. Ingle Department Of Mechanical Engineering, Sanjivani COE, Kopargaon

8. •THEFRANCISTURBINEOPERATESUNDERMEDIUM
HEADANDALSOREQUIREMEDIUMQUANTITYOF
WATER.
•WATERISBROUGHT DOWNTOTHETURBINE
THROUGH APENSTOCKANDDIRECTEDTOA
NUMBEROFSTATIONARYORIFICESFIXEDALL
ROUNDTHECIRCUMFERENCE OFTHERUNNER.
THESESTATIONARYORIFICESARECOMMENELY
CALLEDASGUIDEVANESORWICKETGATES.
5/18/2021 P.W. Ingle Department Of Mechanical Engineering, Sanjivani COE, Kopargaon

9. •IMPORTANTFRANCISTURBINEINSTALLATIONIN
INDIA.
•BHAKHARA DAMPROJECTATBHAKHRA(PUNJAB)
ONSUTLAJRIVER.
•CAUVERY HYDROELECTRIC SCHEME ATSIVA
SAMUDRAM(KARNATAKA)ONCAUVERYRIVER.
•HIRAKUDDAMPROJECTATHIRAKUD(ORISSA)ON
HIRAKUDRIVER.
•RIHANDDAMPROJECTATRIHAND(UTTAR
PRADESH)ONREHANDRIVER.
5/18/2021 P.W. Ingle Department Of Mechanical Engineering, Sanjivani COE, Kopargaon

10. 5/18/2021 P.W. Ingle Department Of Mechanical Engineering, Sanjivani COE, Kopargaon

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12. 5/18/2021 P.W. Ingle Department Of Mechanical Engineering, Sanjivani COE, Kopargaon

13. Francis Turbine
5/18/2021 P.W. Ingle Department Of Mechanical Engineering, Sanjivani COE, Kopargaon

14. 5/18/2021 P.W. Ingle Department Of Mechanical Engineering, Sanjivani COE, Kopargaon

15. Axial Flow Reaction Turbine
•Ifwaterflowsparalleltotheaxisofrotationofshaft,theturbineis
knownasaxialflowturbine.
•Iftheheadatinletofturbineisthesumofpressureenergyandkinetic
energyandduringtheflowofwaterthroughtherunnerapartof
pressureenergyisconvertedintokineticenergy,theturbineisknown
asreactionturbine.
•Fortheaxialflowreactionturbine,theshaftofturbineisvertical.The
lowerendofshaftismadelargerwhichisknownashuborboss.
•Thevanesarefixedonthehubandhencehubactsasarunnerforthe
axialflowreactionturbine.
5/18/2021 P.W. Ingle Department Of Mechanical Engineering, Sanjivani COE, Kopargaon

16. •Followingaretheimportanttypeofaxialreactionturbine:Propeller
andKaplanturbine.
•Whenvanesarefixedtothehubandtheyarenotadjustable,the
turbineisknownaspropellerturbine.
•Butifthevanesonthehubareadjustable,theturbineisknownasa
Kaplanturbine.
•ThemainpartsofKaplanturbinearescrollcasing,guidevanes
mechanism,hubwithvanesorrunneroftheturbine,anddraft
tube.
•Thewaterfrompenstockentersthescrollcasingandthenmovestothe
guidevanes.Fromtheguidevanes,thewaterturnsthrough90⁰and
flowsaxiallythroughtherunnerasshowninfigure.
5/18/2021 P.W. Ingle Department Of Mechanical Engineering, Sanjivani COE, Kopargaon

17. 5/18/2021 P.W. Ingle Department Of Mechanical Engineering, Sanjivani COE, Kopargaon

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