Two workers killed
Overloaded scaffold
◦$63,000
Untrained assemblers
◦$63,000
Lack of training
◦$63,000
Accumulated debris
◦$36,000
$313,700 in total fines
What is the key health and safety
responsibilities of employers & employees
which are common in many countries
؟ لمعلا بحاص تابجاو يه ام
؟ نيفظوملا تابجاو يه ام
ةينهملا ةحصلاو ةملاسلا هاجت
Right to a safe and
healthful workplace
29
رطاخملا نم ةيلاخو ةنمآ لمع ةئيب ريفوت.
Right to know
about hazardous
chemicals
30
داوملا عم لماعتلل تاميلعتلاو تامولعملاب نيلماعلا دادما
ةرطخلا.
Right to information
about injury and
illness
ضارملااو تاباصلاا ةفرعم
لمعلا ناكم يف تعقو يتلا
31
Right to file complaints or request correction
of hazardous conditions بلط وا ىوكشلا يف قحلا
هرطخ عاضولا حيحصت
32
Right to proper trainings لمعلل مزلالا بيردتلا
33
Right to view hazard exposure and
medical records ةيبطلا تلاجسلا ىلع علاطلاا
راطخلال ضرعتلا ةلاح يف
34
Right to participate in
OSHA inspections
صحفلا لامعا يف ةكراشملا
تاعجارملاو
35
Right to be free from
retaliation for exercising
safety and health rights
ذاختا وا ىذلاا نم ةيامحلا
همازتلا ةلاح يف تاءارجا
ةملاسلا تابلطتمب
36
An employer cannot retaliate
against any employee who
provides information to a
Federal Regulatory Agency
لا تاءارجا ذاختا لمعلا بحاصل قحي
دادماب نوموقي نيذللا نيلماعلا دض
تامولعم ياب اشولاا
37
Wear the PPE properly تامهم ءادتراب مازتللاا
ةيصخشلا ةياقولا
Attend training sessionةيبيردتلا تارودلا روضح
Care for, clean and maintain PPE تامهمب مامتهلاا
اهتنايصو ةيصخشلا ةياقولا
Inform the supervisor of any needed repair or
replacementفلتلا وا لادبتسلاا ةلاح يف غلابلاا
44
A fire prevention plan
must include:
◦list of all major fire
hazards,
◦proper handling and
storage procedures for
hazardous materials,
◦potential ignition sources
and their control, and
◦the type of fire protection
equipment necessary to
control each major hazard.
•قيرحلل ةببسملا رطاخملا عيمج رصح
•ختو لوادتل ةديجلاو ةبسانملا قرطلا مادختسا نيز
ةرطخلا داوملا
•عشلاا رداصمل ةبسانملا مكحتلا تاءارجا عضولا
• ةبسانملا ءافطلاا لئاسو ريفوت
Procedures to control accumulations of
flammable and combustible waste materials
لاعتشلال ةلباقلا داوملا مكارتل ةبسانملا تاءارجلاا عضو
Cans of paint left open,
not stored or disposed
of upon completion of
work
Flash Point ضيمولا ةطقن
◦Temperature at which gas and vapours
will ignite momentarily by an outside
source of heat
◦ دنع ةرخبلال يظحل لاعشا اهدنع ثدحي يتلا ةرارحلا ةجرد
يجراخ ةرارح ردصمل ضرعلا
Indication of hazard ةروطخلل رشؤم
Fire Point قارتحلاا ةطقن
Temperature at which gas and vapours will
sustain a flame when ignited by an outside
source of heat
صمل ضرعتلا دنع لاعتشلااب اهيف ةرخبلاا رمتسي يتلا ةرارحلا ةجرد رد
يجراخ ةرارح
Auto-ignition يتاذلا لاعتشلاا ةطقن
◦Temperature at which gas and vapours will ignite
without any external source of ignition
◦جراخ ردصمل ضرعتلا نود تازاغلاو ةرخبلاا اهدنع لعتشت يتلا ىرارحلا ةجردي
Flashpoint
Firepoint
Auto-ignition temperature
Temp
o
C
Flash
Fire
Auto-ignition
Ignition
source
Direct contact رشابم لاصتا
Conduction ليصوتلا
Radiation عاعشلاا
Convection لمحلا
Conduction
and
radiation Radiation
Convection
Direct
Contact
ليلقتواعنمدجاوتداوملاتلملاةبه
مكحتلايفرداصملاعتشلاا
لصفلانيبرداصملاعتشلاا
داوملاوةلباقلالاعتشلال(وقولاد)
ةموظنممكحتلايفلامعلاا
تاءارجلااو
ةفاظنبيترتوةئيبلمعلا
نيزختلانملآاداوملل
Eliminate / reduce
flammables
Control ignition sources
Segregate fuels and ignition
sources
Safe systems of work
Housekeeping
Reduce quantities of highly
flammable liquids in the
workplace
Safe storage
Compartmentation
Electrical safety
Maintenance
Design and purchase
control
Site security
Inspections
Information, training
and supervision
ميسقتلا
ةيبرهكلا ةملاسلا
ةيرودلا ةنايصلا
ءارشلا ةبقارمو ديجلا ميمصتلا
يناديملا نملاا
ةعجارملاو يرودلا صحفلا
ديجلا فارشلااو بيردتلا
لإل لباق طيلخ نيوكتل ءاوهلا عم دحتت ةداملا ةرخب� زيكرت ىلعأو ىندأ ىه لاعتش
طيلخلا اذه لعتشي لاعتشلإل ردصم دجو اذإو.
When vapors of a flammable or combustible
liquid are mixed with air in the proper
proportions in the presence of a source of
ignition, rapid combustion or an explosion can
occur.
Lower Flammable Limits (LFL) or (LEL) ىدم ىندأ
لاعتشلإل
Upper Flammable Limits (UFL) or (UEL) ىدم ىلعأ
لاعتشلإل
Ergonomics is the science of fitting the job to
the worker.
ت ثيحب لمعلا ةئيب يف تادعملاو تاودلاا ميصتب متهي يذلا ملعلا وه عم مئلات
هتاجايتحاو لماعلا ةعيبط
When there is a mismatch between the physical
requirements of the job and the physical
capacity of the worker, work-related
musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) can result.
دبلا لماعلا تاردقو لمعلل ةيندبلا تابلطتملا نيب قفاوت مدع ثدح اذا ثدحي ةين
ماظعلاو تلاضعلا يف تابارطضاWMSDs
The interaction between
an individual with their
◦Work equipment
◦Work environment
◦Work task
1-Keep everyting in easy reach لوانتملا يف ءايشلاا لعجا
2-Work at proper heights بسانملا عافترلاا ىلع لمعا
3-Reduce excessive force لعلا يف ةدئازلا ةوقلا للق
4-Work in good postures ديج عضو يف لمعا
5-Reduce excessive repetition دئازلا راركتلا نم للق
6-Minimize fatigueقاهرلاا للق
7-Minimize direct pressure رشابملا طغضلا للق
8-Provide adjustability and change posture رييغت لئاسو
لمعلا ةيعضو طبضو
9-Provide clearance and access ةبسانم لمع تاحااسم
10-Maintain a comfortable environment ةحيرم لمع ةئيب
11-Enhance clarity and understanding مهفو حيضوت
12-Improve work organization لمعلا لكيه نيسحت
Keep products,
parts, and tools
that are frequently
needed within
easy reach.
Long reaches
often cause you to
twist, bend, and
strain which in
turn makes work
more difficult.
A common
workplace
problem is a
mismatch in
heights between
employees and the
work that they are
doing.
This leads to a
poor postures and
unnecessary work.
Excessive forces
load the muscles,
creating a
potential for
fatigue and injury.
Power grips are
less stressful than
pinch grip.
Use tool grips that
are neither too
wide nor too
small.
Use tools,
equipment, and
workstation
layouts that allow
you to work in the
best possible
posture.
Good posture
reduces the stress
on your body and
makes it easier for
doing the job.
Minimizing
the number
of motions
required to
do a task
reduce the
wear and tear
on your body.
Allow
machines to
do repetition
for you.
Overloading your
physical and
mental capabilities
can contribute to
injuries, accidents,
poor quality
Good design of
your jobs can help
prevent
undesirable
fatigue.
Direct pressure is
uncomfortable.
It can inhibit nerve
function and
blood flow.
It commonly
affects :
Palm of the hands
Forearms
Thighs
Adjustability
makes it easier to
customize your
workstation to fit
your needs.
Maintain better
heights and
reaches and to
avoid pressure
points and
awkward postures.
It is important that
you have both
adequate
workspace and
easy access to
everything you
need.
Clearance is
needed for your:
Head, Arms, Feet,
Knees, Torso.
Seek to create
surrounding
conditions that
enhance your
ability to get the
job done.
Appropriate
Lighting
Avoid
Temperature
Extremes
Isolate Vibration
Mistakes and
errors may result
from poor design
of the displays
and controls you
use.
The configuration
and layout of
these displays and
controls can
enhance or hinder
your performance.
Improvements can
be made in the
system which your
work is organized.
Plan, Be involved,
Communicate,
Enlarge jobs, Be
part of the team,
Be considerate.
One of the
important goals of
ergonomics is to
prevent a type of
disorder called
“cumulative
Trauma”
Wear and tear on
the tissue
surrounding your
joints.
Limited range of motion
Stillness in joints
Numbness or tingling sensations
Popping and cracking in the joints
Redness, swelling, and local skin warmth
Weakness and clumsiness
“Burning” sensations
Mechanise the task
Improve the task
◦Reduce the force
◦Reduce the frequency and duration
◦Improve the posture
Correct tools and equipment
Maintain tools and equipment
Control environmental factors
Replacement & retraining of staff is a cost that an
organisation may face following a workplace
accident.
Listother possible costs to an organisation when
an employee has been seriously injured in such
an accident.
Group Exercise
بيردتلاو للاحلااقو ام اذا ةلاح يف ةكرشلا اهدبكتت يتلا فيلاكتلا دحا وه ثداح ع
بتكا عقوملاب نيلماعلا دحلا8 ىرخا رئاسخ دحلا ميسج ثداح عوقو دنع ةيفاضا
؟ لمعلا عقوم لخاد صاخشلاا
•Uninsured ,delayed or ‘hidden’cost of
failure:
–Lost working time هدوقفم لمع تاعاس
–Extra wage, overtime & temporary workers
تابترم ةدايز ... ةتقؤم ةلامع ... ميات رفوا
–Sick pay ضرملا فيلاكت
–Legal costs e.g. Fines , penalties & lawyers’
feesهاماحم باعتا تاءازج تامارغ ةينوناق فيلاكت
–Compensation paymentتاضيوعت
–Damage / loss of product or services رئاسخ
جتنم
–Site cleaning ثداحلا عقوم فيظنت
–Investigation time & cost يف قيقحتلا فيلاكت
ثداحلا
–Plant and equipment repair تادعم حلاصا
–Work Delays لمعلا ريخات
–Loss of reputation future contracts هعمسلا
–Increased insurance premiums فيراصم ةدايز
نماتلا
£1
£8-£36
Source: OSHA
–What is Health ?
•Absence of disease ضارملاا بايغ
•Physical , mental & social well being ةحصلا
ةيسفنلاو ةيلقعلاو ةيندبلا
–What is Safety ?
•‘Freedom from Uncontrolled / unacceptable /
significant risks’ رطاخملا نم ولخ
Safety accidents include Occupational ill-health cases include
Falls from height: death, fractures (broken
bones)
Slips trips falls: sprains, broken bones
Struck by vehicles: death, crush injuries
Struck by an object: crush injuries, Cut
wounds, contusions, abrasions, bruises
Electrical: burns, heart problems
Fire: Burns
Crushed by a moving part of a machine:
broken bones, amputation.
Incorrect manual handling: back injuries
Exposure to chemicals: cancers
Repeated assembly work: repetitive strain
injuries
Exposure to glass or sand dust: silicosis
Working with hand held tools: vibration
white finger
Exposure to asbestos dust / fibres:
asbestosis
Exposure to dusts or chemicals: asthma
Safety Hazards:
Cause physical injuries and accidents
Cause immediate harm
Examples: broken bones, cuts, bruises, sprains
or electrocutions
Health Hazards:
Cause internal injuries like diseases or illnesses
Cause long-term harm, may take years to develop
Examples: Cancer, heart disease, loss of hearing or
reproductive problems
•Hazard?
A hazard is “the inherent potential to cause
injury or damage to people’s health” –ILO
1981 or
“something with the potential to cause
loss” –(HSE 2000).
Hazards may be : physical, chemical, biological,
ergonomic or psychological.
Human Loss
Time/Revenue Loss
Asset Loss
Information Loss
•Risk?
Risk is “a combination of the likelihood of an
occurrence of a hazardous event and the
severity of injury or damage to the health
of people caused by this event” –ILO
1981or
“the likelihood that harm will occur and the
severity of the harm” –HSE 2000
“Likelihood X Severity”
Activity
+
Any part of a job-specific process, task
or procedure associated with a product
or service
Hazard
Hazardis something with the potential
to cause a loss (human, assets ,
money etc…)
=
Risk
A measure of the Likelihoodfor an
incident to occur and of the potential
Severityof the consequences.
•Risk assessment:
Risk assessment is a process, which
identifies hazards (what could cause harm)
and assesses risk (how likely an accident
or ill-health is) in order to decide whether
current methods of protection are
adequate –(HSE 2000).
Element 5 Week 1
•Accident
–An unplanned, unwanted
event which results in a loss
of any kind.
example: An employee
tripped over a cable that had
been left lying on the ground
across the walkway, as he
was carrying a box back to
his office. The employee
broke his wrist and/or the
contents of the box were
broken when dropped.
Occupational Accident
An occurrence arising out of or in the course of work
which results in:
•fatal occupational injury
•non-fatal occupational injury
Commuting Accident:
An accident occurring on the direct way between the place of work
and
a) the worker’s principal or secondary residence
b) the place where the worker usually takes his/her meals; or
c) the place where the worker usually receives his/her
remuneration,
Which results in death or personal injury involving loss of working
time.
Traffic accidents in which workers are involved during working hours
and which occur in the course of paid work are considered as
occupational accidents.
•Incident / Near-miss /
Near Accident or close
call
–An unplanned, unwanted event
that had the potential to result
in a loss , BUT…
example: An employee tripped
over a cable lying across a
walkway. After falling to the
ground the employee got up
and fortunately did not suffer
any injuries.
Dangerous Occurrence (HiPo)
A near miss with a very serious loss potential.
e.g. ?
Hazard Identification
Action Item 1: Collect existing
information about workplace hazards
هتعيبطو لمعلا ناكم نع تامولعملا عمج
How to accomplish it:
•Collect, organize and review information to determine
what types of hazards are present and workers exposed
•اخملا عاونا ةفرعمل تامولعملا ةعجارمو بيترتو عيمجت رط
نيلماعلا اهل ضرعملا
Hazard Identification
Action Item 2: Inspect the workplace
لمعلا عقاوم ىلع شيتفتلاو صحفلا
How to accomplish it:
•Routine inspections of workflow, equipment, materials and
talk to workers تادعملاو داوملا ىلع يرودلا شيتفتلا
•Use checklists شيتفتلا مئاوق مادختسا
Hazard Identification
Action Item 3: Conduct Incident
Investigations ثداوحلا يف قيقحتلا
How to accomplish it:
•Develop a plan and procedure to begin investigation
immediately after an incident or near miss. ءارجا عضو
ةكيشولا ثداوحلا وا ثداوحلا عوقو دعب ثداوحلا يف قيقحتلل
•Conduct root cause analysis and investigate with a team.
ةيرذجلا بابسلاا ليلحت
Hazard Identification
Action Item 4: Identify hazards
associated with emergency and non-
routine situations ةئراطلا تلااحلا ديدحت
How to accomplish it:
•Assess foreseeable emergency scenarios or non-routine tasks
ئراوطلا تاهويرانيس عضو
•Conduct “table top” exercises to help you plan and test your
response plan and procedures ةيمهولا ئراوطلا براجت
Hazard Identification
Action Item 5: Characterize the nature of
identified hazards, determine the controls to be
implemented and prioritize the hazards for
control
ةبسانملا مكحتلا لئاسوو رطخ لك مييقت
Source: OSHA
Hazard Prevention and Control
Action Item 1: Identify control options
مكحتلا لئاسو ديدحت
How to accomplish it:
•Review literature, OSHA standards, NIOSH publications, etc.
for potential control measures
• تافصاوملا ةعجارم
•Get input from workers, safety consultants, or investigate
other workplaces with similar hazards
• نييراشتسلااو نيلماعلا ةكراشم
رطاخملا رف مكحتلل رمرهلا لسلستلا
ةرطيسلاControl:
لئالمنحتاللكلذالىلزل تلئلبنترتلل ل ر ن لئلمرململظ لعل تإلمتنل ذملىاطل ر ن
ىتلأئلبنترتلل لكلذالر ل لئ
.غلئزلإئ1Elimination
.ضنا تلئ2Substitution
.ضز لئ3Isolation
.ى د نلئلمنحتلئ4Engineering Control
.ىرئدلإئلمنحتلئ5Administration Control
.لغنلقالئلتل ن لمئد ت إ6للللللللغنل شلئUse PPE
1Define the activity & Identify the Hazards
1 ةبحاصملا رطاخملاو لمعلا تاوطخ ديدحت
2Decide who might be harmed and how
2 فيكو ةباصلااب رثاتيس نم ديدحت
3Evaluate the risk / rank the risk , Predict possible
outcomes and decide whether the existing precautions
are adequate or more should be done
3طتي ما ةيفاك تناك ام اذا لهو ةيلاحلا مكحتلا لئاسو مييقتو ةرطاخملا مييقت تاءارجا بل
ةيفاضا
4Record the findings جئاتنلا ليجست
5Review the assessment and revise it if necessary
5 كلذ رملاا بلطت اذا رطاخملا مييقت ةعجارم
Hazard Prevention and Control
Action Item 2: Select controls لياسو رايتخا
مكحتلا
How to accomplish it:
•Select controls using the hierarchy of controls
• يمرهلا لسلستلل اقبط رايتخا
•Use a combination when no single method fully protects the
worker
• لئاسولا نيب جمدلا
Hazard Prevention and Control
Action Item 3: Develop and update a
hazard control plan رطاخملا يف مكحتلل ةطخ حضو
How to accomplish it:
•List hazards in order of priority, assign responsibility to a
person(s), establish a target completion date.
•هدوجوملا رطاخملل لجس
•Plan how to track progress and verification of
implementation
• ذيفنتلا ةعباتم
Hazard Prevention and Control
Action Item 4: Select controls for emergency and
non-routine operations تلااح يف ةعبتملا تاءارجلاا ديدحت
ئراوطلا
How to accomplish it:
•Develop procedures to control hazards during these
situations. ئراوطلل ةطخ عضو
•Assign responsibility for implementing the plan and
conduct emergency drills. ءارجاو تايلوئسملاو راودلاا عيزوت
ةيمهو براجت
Hazard Prevention and Control
Action Item 5: Implement selected controls in
the workplace
لمعلا ناكم يف مكحتلا لئاسو ذيفنت
Hazard Prevention and Control
Action Item 6: Follow up to confirm that
controls are effective
مكحتلا لئاسو ةيلعاف نم دكاتلل ةعباتملا
ةماعلا تاعانصلل اشولأا جمانرب
OSHA General Industry Standards
Means of Egressبورهلا كلاسم
صتخياذهءزجلانمتافصاوملالئاسوبكلاسموبورهلانمىأىنبمىفةلاحثودحتلااحراطةئ
،ةرورضوريفوتلئاسوكلاسموبورهللىتلاونمضتةعرسءلاخإىنبملانمهيلغاشىفسأعرتقو
نكممنودبوثودحةيأرئاسخ.
اذهءزجلانمتافصاوملادمتعيادامتعإايلكىلعتافصاومةيعمجلاةينطولاةيكيرم�اةحفاكملقئارحلا
مقرNFPA101ىهوتافصاوملاةصاخلاذاقنإبحاور�اLifeSafetyCode
تافيرعت
كلاسمبورهلاMeansofEgress:
ىهقيرطلانملآاىذلاهكلسيصخشلابورهللنمىنبملاناكملدجيهيفنام�اةملاسلاو،ىهو
تاراسملاقتنلإاىتلااهكلسيولغاشىنبملالاقتنلإلنمةيأةطقنهيفىتحلوصولاىلإلاءاوهقلطلا
جراخىنبملاوأىلإىأناكمنمآدقونمضتتكلاسمبورهلاتاراسمةيقفأةيسأروةلئامونوكتتونم
ةثلاثءازجأىه:
1راسملوصولاىلإجرخملاExitAccess
2جرخملاExit
3ذفنمفرصجرخملاExitDischarge
Section 1: Chemical Product and Company Identification
Section 2: Composition, Information or Ingredients
Section 3: Hazard Identification
Section 4: First Aid Measures
Section 5: Fire-Fighting Measures
Section 6: Accidental Release Measures
Section 7: Handling and Storage
Section 8: Exposure Controls and Personal Protection
Section 9: Physical and Chemical Properties
Section 10: Stability and Reactivity
Section 11: Toxicological Information
Section 12: Ecological Information
Section 13: Disposal Considerations
Section 14: Transport Information
Section 15: Regulatory Information
Section 16: Other Information
WHAT INFORMATION IS INCLUDED IN THE MSDS :
ELEMENTS OF THE SDS