Basic principle of ayurvedic system unit II

Herbal Drug Technology

1. Basic Principles involved in Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani and Homeopathy Prepared by: Sweta Kamboj Assistant Professor GGSCOP This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-NC . This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA .

2. Ayurveda System(Art of Total Health Care) The Word Ayur means- Life And Veda means- Science Charaka he was known as the father of Ayurveda Ayurveda sees everything in the universe, including human beings, as composed of five basic elements (or Panchamahabhutas ) : Space, Air, Fire, Water and Earth.

3. Principles of Ayurveda

4. PANCHAMAHABHUTA SIDDHANTA It believes that the whole universe is made up of Five elements Known as Mahabhutas . Combinations of these five elements form seven basic tissues of the body which are referred as Sapta Dahu which are as follows. Rasa- (Lymph/Plasma) Rakta- (Blood) Mamsa (Flesh) Meda( Fat) Asti( Bones) Mojja ( Marrow) Shukra (Reproductive organs) 

5. TRIDOSHA THEORY

6. GUNA-RASA-VIRYA-VIPAKA-PROBHAVA SIDDHANTA

7. DIAGNOSIS IN AYURVEDA

8. TREATMENT

9. BRANCHES OF TREATMENT IN AYURVEDA

10. SIDDHA SYSTEM OF MEDICINE They mentioned about the curable and incurable diseases along with the symptoms of the body and predicted the concerned, proper medicines also. Thousands of herbs and minerals were included in siddha system. Which are effective in managing chronic, degenerative disease, viral diseases and heart disease This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY . This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND .

11. Theory and basic Principles

12. Basic Principles of Siddha System

13. VATA: people with predominant vata are characterized by stout, black, cold and inactive personalities. Increased vata develops flatulence, acidity, obesity, heart attacks etc. PITTA: people with predominant pitta are characterized by lean, whitish complexioned hot personalities. Increased pitta shows early greying of hair, redddish eyes, burning chest, mental derangement, anaemia. This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY .

14. Kapha : people with predominant kapha are characterized by well built, good complexioned, well behaved personalities. Increased Kapha leads to Jaundice, heart attack, high fever etc. This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC .

15. A particular Gunna increased in the body according to the time

16. DIAGNOSIS IN SIDDHA SYSTEM

17. DIET IN SIDDHA Restricted Diet: chicken, mangoes, coconut, mustard, fenugreek, almonds, sesame etc. Non- Restricted Diet: Wheat, Milk, Ghee, pulses, vegetables, goat milk, sugar etc.

18. Unani system of medicine

19. PRINCIPLES OF UNANI SYSTEM

20. DIAGNOSIS

21. TREATMENT IN UNANI SYSTEM

22. Homeopathy system of medicine

23. PRINCIPLES OF HOMEOPATHY

24. DIAGNOSIS IN HOMEOPATHY

25. TREATMENT

26. SOUCES OF HOMEOPATHY MEDICINE

27. Preparation and Standardization of Ayurvedic Formulations Ayurveda is regarded as ancient science of life and is based on principle of “ maintaining the health of a healthy person and relieving the patient from the diseased condition ” Ayurveda is the science of health and healing practised by ancient Aryans which is based on Atharvaveda, one of the oldest scriptures of Hindus, about 3000 years old.   This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND .

28. The object of Ayurveda is to counteract the imbalance of three essential elements, Vata, Pitta and Kapha , which constitute the Tridosh from which the body originates. It is Tridosh which regularises the normal working of the human body.  

29. Ayurvedic formulations can be categorized into four types based on their physical nature of dosages forms: Solid dosage forms:  Vati, Ghutika Semisolid dosage forms:  Leha, Kalka Liquid dosage forms: Aristas, Asavas Powder dosage forms: Bhasmas, Churnas This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND .

30. ARISTAS AND ASAVAS It is also known as Alcoholic preparations. They are generally processed by soaking the drugs in the powdered form or in decoction form, in a solution of sugar or jaggery. During soaking it undergoes fermentation generating alcohol and in process facilitating extraction of active constituents contained in the drugs. Example- Madhukasava , Kumariasava , Arvindasava , ashokarista , kutarista etc.

31. VATI AND GHUTIKA These are the medicines in the form of tablets ( Vati ) and Pills ( Ghutika ). These are made by using single or combinations of vegetables, minerals or animal drugs. They can be used upto 2 years. Method of preparation: The drugs are dried and finely powdered, mineral drugs are converted into calcinated products( bhasmas ) or any other form as specified.

32. The drugs and other ingredients are mixed together and made into a soft paste with specified liquids. It is then properly ground and made into Vati (tablets) or ghutikas (pills). Example: Vati : Gandhaka vati , Sankha vati . Ghutika : Pranda ghutika , Lasunadi ghutika

33. CHURNA They contain single or combination of drugs along with other ingredients in a powdered form Method of Preparation: Drugs and other ingredients mentioned in the formula are separately dried, finely powdered and sieved to get uniform size particles, they are mixed to get a uniform powder.

34. LEHA/AVLEHA

35. STANDARDIZATION PARAMETERS FOR LEHA

36. BHASMA These are the powdered forms of drugs prepared by calcination of metals, minerals or animal products by a special process in closed crucibles or in pits covered with cow dung. Method of preparation: Stage-1 Sodhana : It is a process of purification of metals, minerals by heating them and immersing in a specific liquid. This is done to remove its toxicity.

37. STAGE-2 MARANA This is the second stage of preparing bhasmas , in which the purified drugs obtained from sodhana process are ground and mixed with plants/ extracts as specified. After specified time, small cakes are made and dried in sunlight. The dried cakes are kept in earthen vessels, sealed with clay smeared cloth and kept in a pit covered with cow dung and fire is put on all the sides. After heating for a specified period, the contents are removed and ground into a fine powder and stored. E.g.- Suvarna Bhasma , Shankha Bhasma , Taura Bhasma .

38. This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-NC .