Basic-Principles-of-Electricity_ INDUSTRIAL ARTS II

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1. 4PICS 1WORD

2. CIRCUIT

3. VOLTAGE

4. FUSE

5. TRANSFORMER

6. MULTIMETER

7. Basic Principles of Electricity

8. Learning Objectives At the end of this presentation, students should be able to : Understand the fundamental concepts of electricity Recognize and use basic electrical tools Demonstrate proper care and maintenance of electrical tools Apply safety practices in electrical work

9. Definition of Electricity What is Electricity? Electricity is a form of energy that results from the flow of charged particles, primarily electrons. These particles move through conductive materials like copper wires, carrying energy from one point to another. Importance in Daily Life Electricity powers our homes, schools, hospitals, factories, and virtually every aspect of modern society. It enables us to use appliances, communicate, travel, and access information in ways that were unimaginable just a century ago.

10. Basic Principles of Electricity 1 Electrical Energy Electrical energy is the energy associated with the flow of electric charge. It is a fundamental form of energy that can be converted into other forms, such as light, heat, and mechanical energy. 2 Electricity Generation Electricity is typically generated using various sources like fossil fuels, nuclear power, hydroelectric power, wind power, and solar power. These sources convert mechanical energy or chemical energy into electrical energy. 3 Transmission and Distribution Once generated, electricity is transmitted over long distances using high-voltage power lines and then distributed to homes, businesses, and industries through a network of smaller lines and transformers.

11. Electrical Charge Atoms Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter and consist of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons carry a positive charge, electrons carry a negative charge, and neutrons are neutral. Positive Charge A positive charge occurs when an atom has lost one or more electrons. This creates an imbalance, resulting in a net positive charge. Negative Charge A negative charge occurs when an atom gains one or more electrons. This creates an imbalance, resulting in a net negative charge. Attraction and Repulsion Opposite charges attract each other, while like charges repel each other. This principle underlies the flow of electricity and the operation of many electrical devices.

12. Voltage, Current, and Resistance Voltage (V) Current (I) Resistance (R) The electrical potential difference between two points in a circuit. The rate of flow of electric charge through a conductor. The opposition to the flow of current through a conductor. Measured in volts (V). Measured in amperes (A). Measured in ohms (Ω).

13. Conductors and Insulators Conductors Conductors are materials that allow electricity to flow easily through them. They have loosely bound electrons that can move freely, carrying electrical current. Common examples include copper, silver, gold, and aluminum. Copper wires used in electrical wiring Aluminum foil used for wrapping food Metal components in electronic devices Insulators Insulators are materials that resist the flow of electricity. Their electrons are tightly bound to their atoms, making it difficult for current to pass through. Common examples include rubber, glass, plastic, and wood. Plastic casing on electrical cords Glass used in light bulbs Rubber gloves worn by electricians

14. Direct Current (DC) and Alternating Current (AC) Direct Current (DC) Direct current (DC) flows in one direction only. It is produced by sources like batteries and solar panels. DC is commonly used in devices like smartphones, laptops, and electric vehicles. Alternating Current (AC) Alternating current (AC) periodically changes direction, flowing back and forth. It is produced by power plants and is the standard form of electricity used in homes and businesses. Applications of DC and AC DC is suitable for powering electronic devices that require a consistent flow of current, while AC is efficient for transmitting electricity over long distances and powering appliances with motors.

15. Various Electrical Tools Electrical tools are essential for completing a variety of electrical tasks. Whether you're a professional electrician or simply a homeowner tackling small projects, understanding the basic functions of electrical tools will make your work safer and more efficient.

16. Overview of Electrical Tools 1 Safety Electrical tools are used to work with electricity, which can be dangerous. Always use the correct tools and follow safety precautions. 2 Efficiency The right tool for the job can save time and effort. It's important to choose tools that are appropriate for the task at hand. 3 Accuracy Electrical tools are designed to provide precise measurements and control. This is important for ensuring that electrical connections are made correctly and safely.

17. Common Electrical Tools

18. Screwdrivers Flathead Flathead screwdrivers are used with screws that have a flat head. Phillips Phillips screwdrivers are used with screws that have a cross-shaped head. Torx Torx screwdrivers are used with screws that have a star-shaped head.

19. Pliers Needle-nose Pliers These pliers have long, narrow jaws that allow for precise gripping and manipulation of small objects. They are often used for bending wires or reaching tight spaces. Diagonal Cutters Diagonal cutters, also known as side cutters, have angled blades that provide clean and precise cuts on wires. Combination Pliers Combination pliers have a smooth jaw for gripping and a serrated jaw for cutting. They are often used for holding and tightening nuts and bolts.

20. Wire Strippers Step 1 Insert the wire into the stripper. Step 2 Adjust the blades to the appropriate wire gauge. Step 3 Squeeze the handles to remove the insulation.

21. Multimeter Voltage Measures the electrical potential difference between two points in a circuit. Current Measures the flow of electrical charge through a circuit. Resistance Measures the opposition to the flow of electrical current through a circuit.

22. Voltage Tester A voltage tester is used to check if a circuit is live, meaning that it has an electrical current flowing through it. It's important to use a voltage tester before working on any electrical circuit to avoid electric shock.

23. Uses, Care, and Maintenance of Hand Tools Understanding the proper uses, care, and maintenance of hand tools is crucial for anyone working with electricity. This information will help you stay safe and ensure the longevity of your tools.

24. Proper Uses of Electrical Tools 1 Safety First Always read the instructions for each tool before using it. 2 Proper Applications Each tool is designed for specific tasks, so it's important to use the right tool for the job. 3 Wear Protection Safety glasses, gloves, and appropriate footwear are essential when working with electricity. 4 Avoid Overloading Overloading tools can damage them and create safety hazards.

25. Care for Electrical Tools Cleaning Tools Regular cleaning removes dust and debris, prolonging the life of your tools. Use a soft cloth and a mild cleaning solution. Storage Store tools in a dry, clean, and organized place. Avoid storing tools in extreme temperatures or humidity. Inspection Regularly inspect tools for signs of damage or wear. Replace damaged or worn-out parts immediately.

26. Maintenance of Electrical Tools 1 Sharpening Sharpen tools like pliers, wire cutters, and screwdrivers regularly to ensure they work effectively and safely. 2 Replacing Parts Tips of screwdrivers, multimeter batteries, and other parts may need replacement over time. 3 Calibration Tools like multimeters should be calibrated regularly to ensure accuracy in measurements.

27. Safety Precautions Protective Gear Always wear appropriate protective gear, including safety glasses, gloves, and footwear. Grounding Ensure all tools are properly grounded to prevent electrical shocks. Moisture Avoid working with electricity in wet or damp conditions. Circuit Breakers Always work with a circuit breaker turned off and use a non-contact voltage tester to confirm that the circuit is de-energized.

28. Summary of Key Points Proper Tool Usage Use the right tool for the job and follow the instructions carefully. Safety Gear Always wear appropriate safety gear, including glasses, gloves, and footwear. Electrical Safety Ground tools properly, avoid moisture, and always work with a de-energized circuit. Regular Maintenance Keep tools clean, inspect for damage, and replace parts as needed.

29. Final Thoughts Understanding Electricity Learning about electricity is essential for anyone working with electrical tools. Safe Practices Prioritizing safe work practices is crucial for preventing accidents and ensuring a positive outcome. Continued Learning Always look for opportunities to improve your knowledge and skills in electrical work.

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