Basic Role of Nursing in Infection Prevention

Basic Role of Nursing in Infection Prevention

1. Infection Prevention in Health Care Basic Practices Dr.T.V.Rao MD Dr.T.V.Rao MD 1

2. Teaching and Learning Module ONE The Programme Created for Schedule of training module at Travancore Medical College, Kollam Kerala as a part of Infection Control Programme organised by Infection Control Committee Dr.T.V.Rao MD 2

3. 3 Nurses Role in Infection Control Follow correct sanitization, disinfection and sterilization procedures Help patient understand basic disease prevention Administer immunizations and educate patients about immunizations Dr.T.V.Rao MD

4. 4 Three Levels of Infection Control Sanitization – cleaning and scrubbing instruments and equipment to remove contaminated materials and microorganisms Disinfection – second level used on instruments and equipments that come in contact with intact mucous membrane Sterilization – complete destruction of all microorganisms-pathogenic, beneficial, and harmless- surface of instrument and equipment Dr.T.V.Rao MD

5. 5 Sanitization Methods Collecting instruments – place in container with water and neutral pH detergent until you can get to them. Use utility gloves always and mask, eye protection and protective clothing if blood, body fluids or tissue are present Dr.T.V.Rao MD

6. 6 Sanitization Methods (cont.) Drain disinfectant or detergent solution Rinse each piece under hot running water Scrub each item using hot, soapy water and small plastic brush Pay careful attention to hinges, ratchets and nooks Dr.T.V.Rao MD

7. Standard Precautions Apply standard precautions to all patients regardless of their diagnosis, and to all contaminated equipments and materials. Use judgment in determining which protective barriers are necessary. Dr.T.V.Rao MD 7

8. 8 Sanitization Methods (cont.) Rinse instruments individually and place each one on a clean towel. Roll all instruments in the towel to remove moisture Place instruments either in trays or bins for storage or wrap for sterilization Dr.T.V.Rao MD

9. 9 Disinfection Wear gloves when handling instruments. Disinfection solution must cover every surface. Used if instrument does not penetrate a patient ’ s skin or mucous membranes Enamelware Endotracheal tubes Glassware Laryngoscopes and nasal specula Dr.T.V.Rao MD

10. Standard Precautions Hands Hygiene Use Personal protective equipment's (PPE) Gloves Gowns Masks Eye protection Face Shields Dr.T.V.Rao MD 10

11. Discard needles and other sharps in .Discard needles and other sharps in the sharp containers which are located as close as possible to the area of use . Don't recap needles , If any ,use the Scoop method (one hand method). Dr.T.V.Rao MD 11

12. USING “ SCOOP METHOD ’’ Dr.T.V.Rao MD 12

13. Never Recap Needle You are Likely to Injure Dr.T.V.Rao MD 13

14. Sharps containers Should be easily accessible At or below the level of the eyes Kept away from the pathways Not to be kept on the grounds. Should Not be overfilled more than 3/4 full . Never to be shake to get more space Dr.T.V.Rao MD 14

15. CLEANING SPILLS (e.g. Blood & body fluids) Wear gloves and other PPE Absorb : Wipe up the spill with an absorbent towel. Clean with detergent . Apply disinfectant to the contaminated area using sodium hypochlorite ( Clorox 1: 10= 1 volume+9 water volumes) contact time 5-10min. Absorb Clorox and wash with water . Dr.T.V.Rao MD 15

16. Hand Hygiene Alcohol-based Hand Rub Use of gloves does NOT replace hand washing. Gloves must be changed in-between patients. Dr.T.V.Rao MD 16

17. HAND WASHING When to wash your hands : If hands are visibly dirty . Soiled hands with blood or body fluids. After contact with: blood ,body fluids, secretions or mucus membranes. Dr.T.V.Rao MD 17

18. When to wash your hands? After contact with intact or non-intact skin. After handling items potentially contaminated ( equipments ) In-between patients . After removing gloves. After using bathroom. Dr.T.V.Rao MD 18

19. When to wash hands Before direct contact with patient. Before donning (sterile) gloves. Before preparing or handling medications. Before handling clean dressing. Dr.T.V.Rao MD 19

20. When to use alcohol-based hand rub If hands are NOT visibly soiled alcohol rub could be used instead of hand washing. If hand are visibly soiled (contaminated) ,they should be washed first. Dr.T.V.Rao MD 20

21. PPE: Personal Protective Equipment's: Gloves donning & removal Other PPE donning &removal Donning & removal of N95 mask Dr.T.V.Rao MD 21

22. Transmission-Based Precautions Used in addition to Standard Precautions for Specified Patients Designed for the Care of Patients known or suspected to be infected by epidemiologically important pathogens spread by: airborne , droplet , or contact transmission. Dr.T.V.Rao MD 22

23. Droplet Precautions For infectious agents with droplet nuclei > 5 microns, through cough or sneezing : Examples: Pertussis Influenza. Meningococcus meningitis. Precaution Details: Private room Surgical Mask if within 1 meter of patient. Dr.T.V.Rao MD 23

24. For effective segregation of waste, provision of different types of waste containers in all clinical areas, is necessary. BIOHAZARD BIOHAZARD SHARPS & NEEDLES Sharps Containe r Infectious Waste Bin Regular Waste Bin Dr.T.V.Rao MD 24

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26. Never Forget Simple Washing Saves Many Lives Dr.T.V.Rao MD 26

27. Programme Created by Dr.T.V.Rao MD for Benefit of Nursing Staff in Health Care Email [email protected] Dr.T.V.Rao MD 27