basics of civil engineering

civil engineering basic introduction ppt

1. DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 6/16/2014 1 PREPARED BY CHIRAG BHANGALE

2. Engineering Ingenious means ‘Clever person’ in Latin Engineer cleverly uses the available natural resources for the benefit of mankind Provides comfort to mankind and makes life comfortable. Application of scientific and mathematical knowledge and rational thinking to improve living standards Definition:- “ Civil Engineering is the art of directing the great sources of power in nature for the use and convenience of man ”. The main scope of civil engineering or the task of civil engineering is planning , designing , estimating , supervising construction , managing construction , execution , and maintenance of structures like building, roads, bridges, dams, etc. 6/16/2014 2 PREPARED BY CHIRAG BHANGALE

3. Discipline – Civil Engineering Rural And Urban Planning Environmental Geotechnical Hydraulic Surveying Water Resources Transportation Structural Bridge Timber Construction Management 6/16/2014 3 PREPARED BY CHIRAG BHANGALE

4. BRANCHES & SCOPE OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 6/16/2014 4 PREPARED BY CHIRAG BHANGALE

5. BRANCHES & SCOPE OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Civil engineering may be divided into the following fields: Surveying & leveling Building, Planning and construction Advanced Construction Structural Engineering Geotechnical Engineering Water Resources Engineering Transportation Engineering Environmental Engineering Town Planning & etc., 6/16/2014 5 PREPARED BY CHIRAG BHANGALE

6. SURVEYING & LEVELLING 6/16/2014 6 PREPARED BY CHIRAG BHANGALE

7. SURVEYING & LEVELLING Surveying includes measurements of distances and angles in horizontal & vertical planes, while leveling is the measurement of heights in vertical plane. Chain, compass, level and theodolite are the instruments used for surveying. Surveying fixes the relative positions of different points on the basis of surface of earth. It also includes measurements of areas and volumes. Basic aim of surveying is to prepare a map of the area to some scale. 6/16/2014 7 PREPARED BY CHIRAG BHANGALE

8. SURVEYING & LEVELLING Surveying is carried out to fix the alignment of road, railway canal. It is also useful in selecting the site for the construction of structures. Modern surveying instruments like Electronic total station and Geographical Positioning System(GPS) are the modern electronic digital instruments for survey works. Remote sensing and Geographical Information system(GIS) are adopted for surveying and planning of many civil engineering projects. 6/16/2014 8 PREPARED BY CHIRAG BHANGALE

9. BUILDING PLANNING & CONSTRUCTION 6/16/2014 9 PREPARED BY CHIRAG BHANGALE

10. BUILDING PLANNING & CONSTRUCTION Civil engineers are concerned with many types of structures of which buildings are of prime importance. Buildings are planned according to the fundamental principles of planning & bylaws of local municipal bodies. Building planning requires basic knowledge of principles of architecture. Buildings may be residential or public building like school, colleges, government office, Hospitals, etc. They are designed according to need of specific occupants and purposes. 6/16/2014 10 PREPARED BY CHIRAG BHANGALE

11. ADVANCED CONSTRUCTION 6/16/2014 11 PREPARED BY CHIRAG BHANGALE

12. ADVANCED CONSTRUCTION Construction of dams, bridges, tunnels, ports, requires several advanced construction techniques of construction. Under water construction requires specific type of equipment. Pile foundations or well foundations are generally provided for foundation of bridges across rivers in alluvial soil. Large scale earthworks in excavation requires equipment's like power shovel, dragline, bulldozers, etc. 6/16/2014 12 PREPARED BY CHIRAG BHANGALE

13. STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING 6/16/2014 13 PREPARED BY CHIRAG BHANGALE

14. STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING This Branch of civil engineering deals with structural analysis and design of structures. Structural analysis is done to calculate stresses in structural components, on the basis of loads, acting on structures. Sections of structural elements like beams, columns, slabs, etc. are designed. Structural analysis requires much calculation, hence advanced computing software‘s are used to carry out structural analysis and design. 6/16/2014 14 PREPARED BY CHIRAG BHANGALE

15. GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING 6/16/2014 15 PREPARED BY CHIRAG BHANGALE

16. GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING Geotechnical engineering is that field of civil engineering which deals with soil investigation and design of proper foundations of structures. Soil investigation includes collection and testing of soil samples. Geotechnical engineering includes measurement of soil Parameters and safe bearing capacity. It also includes construction and design of simple foundations, pile foundations, well foundations, caissons, coffer dams, construction of foundation of dams, construction of tunnels, sub base of road, earthen dams, earth related constructions . 6/16/2014 16 PREPARED BY CHIRAG BHANGALE

17. WATER RESOURCES ENGIEERING 6/16/2014 17 PREPARED BY CHIRAG BHANGALE

18. Water resource engineering means measurements, utilization and development of water resources for agriculture, municipal and power generation purpose. It mainly includes irrigation engineering, design of hydraulic structures like dams, canals etc. Water resource engineering deals with planning designing and developing water resources by constructing several hydraulic structures like dams, barrages, hydropower stations, canal and pipe networks etc. WATER RESOURCES ENGIEERING 6/16/2014 18 PREPARED BY CHIRAG BHANGALE

19. TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING 6/16/2014 19 PREPARED BY CHIRAG BHANGALE

20. TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING Transportation means movement of Passengers and goods by means of vehicles on land, ship on water and aircrafts in air. Transportation Engineering is that branch of Civil engineering which deals with planning, designing and construction of roads, bridges, railways, tunnels, harbours , ports, docks, runways and airports. 6/16/2014 20 PREPARED BY CHIRAG BHANGALE

21. ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 6/16/2014 21 PREPARED BY CHIRAG BHANGALE

22. ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING Environmental Engineering deals with pollution control and public health engineering. Different types of pollutions are water, air, noise and other pollution. Environmental engineering includes design, construction and maintenance of water treatment plant, waste water treatment plant, water distribution network and sewerage system, it also deals with solid waste management in towns and cities. 6/16/2014 22 PREPARED BY CHIRAG BHANGALE

23. TOWN PLANNING 6/16/2014 23 PREPARED BY CHIRAG BHANGALE

24. TOWN PLANNING Town planning means planned & controlled growth of town by dividing town in to different land use zones and regulating building construction to provide better environment for the people of the town. In the town planning areas of town are divided into residential, commercial, recreational and industrial zones, which is called zoning. Floor space index, and other byelaws are fixed to guide and regulate the building construction . 6/16/2014 24 PREPARED BY CHIRAG BHANGALE

25. FUNCTIONS OF CIVIL ENGINEER Civil engineering functions performed can broadly be classified in three categories. Before construction During construction After Construction 6/16/2014 25 PREPARED BY CHIRAG BHANGALE

26. BEFORE CONSTRUCTION Feasibility study   Surveying Site investigation Planning Design and drawing Estimating Planning & Scheduling 6/16/2014 26 PREPARED BY CHIRAG BHANGALE

27. DURING CONSTRUCTION Dealing with clients, Consulting engineer and contractors Execution and supervision Quality control Costing 6/16/2014 27 PREPARED BY CHIRAG BHANGALE

28. AFTER CONSTRUCTION Maintenance and repairs Valuation After the construction regular maintenance of structures is to be carried out. Valuation is carried out for the purpose of sale, purchase and many others purposes. 6/16/2014 28 PREPARED BY CHIRAG BHANGALE

29. Assignment What is Civil Engineering? What are the main functions of a civil engineer? List the main disciplines of civil engineering and mention the purpose and application of each discipline. 6/16/2014 29 PREPARED BY CHIRAG BHANGALE