Basics of Pelleting

Brief discussion about poultry feed pelleting

1. BASICS OF PELLETING
Muhammad Arslan Musa
M.Sc. (Hons.) Poultry Science
[email protected]
Muhammad Arslan Musa

2. Pelleting
■Conversion of mash feed into pellets is pelleting
■Agglomerated feeds formed by extruding individual
ingredients or mixtures by compacting and forcing
through die openings by any mechanical process”
Muhammad Arslan Musa

3. Advantages of Pelleting
■Minimize feed wastage
■Increased nutrient density and nutrient availability
■Reduce dustiness and decreased microbial load
■increase palatability and bulk density
■Reducing feeding time about 3 times than mash feed
■Decrease energy loss on prehention
Muhammad Arslan Musa

4. Muhammad Arslan Musa

5. Pelleting Process
■Pelleting process involves
■Conditioning
■Compression
■Cooling
Muhammad Arslan Musa

6. Muhammad Arslan Musa

7. Conditioning
■Modification of physical properties of mash by steam
addition
■Steam has ability to carry heat and moisture
■Grains and meals are good insulators of heat
■Grinding and retention time in conditioner are
important
■Conditioner has usually 1.5 to 4.6 m long with 38-76 cm
diameter
Muhammad Arslan Musa

8. ■Types of conditioner are
1.Single shaft
2.Double shaft
3.Differential diameter
■Conditioner shaft speeds varies from 90 to 500 rpm
■Increase in temperature of 12-15
0
C will add 1% moisture
to mash
■High temperature, moisture and retention time gelatinize
the starch and activate some binding agents in feed
Muhammad Arslan Musa

9. Muhammad Arslan Musa

10. Physical Requirements for
Conditioning
Temperature 80-90
°
C
Pressure 2-3 bar
Retention Time 30-90 seconds
Moisture addition 4-5%
Muhammad Arslan Musa

11. Muhammad Arslan Musa

12. Compression
■Die selection usually based on these parameters
■Die speed (pellet quality decreased by increasing die speed)
■Number of holes in die (important for production rate)
■Dimension of die hole (more length with less diameter
produce more hard pellet)
■Die maintenance (should be properly maintained for better
pellet quality) Muhammad Arslan Musa

13. Muhammad Arslan Musa

14. Cooling
■Added moisture and heat is removed from pellets in cooler
■Reduce temperature from about 85 0C to above 5-8 0C from
atmospheric temperature
■Usually, removes 4-6 % moisture
■Recommended air for 1-ton pellets is 3000-5000 cubic meter
with air speed of 25 meter per second
Muhammad Arslan Musa

15. Cooler Types
■Horizontal (moving bed)
■Vertical (2 columns of pellet moving down)
■Counter-flow
Muhammad Arslan Musa

16. Factors Affecting Moisture
Removal in Cooler
■Initial moisture of pellets
■Temperature difference
■Moisture difference of pellets and air
■Air flow rate
■Retention time
■Diameter of pellet
■Fat coating on pellets
■Porosity of pellets
Muhammad Arslan Musa

17. Crumbler
■Used to making crumbs by crushing the pellets
■Consists one or two sets of rolls that rotates in opposite
direction with different speed
■Crumbs size can be increased or decreased by increasing or
decreasing the gap between two rolls
Muhammad Arslan Musa

18. Muhammad Arslan Musa

19. Size reduction of pellets in crumbler depends on
■Material quality
■Difference in speed of counter-rotated rolls
■Corrugation type
■Roll gap adjustment
■Material volume fed to crumbler
Muhammad Arslan Musa

20. Muhammad Arslan Musa