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1. University of Al Mansoura Faculty of Arts Department of English From Novel to Film Adaptation: A Postcolonial and a n Apocalyptic Analysis of Coppola’s “Apocalypse Now” with References to Related Novels By Basim Mohamed Hadi Supervisor Prof. Asmaa A. Elsherbini 2024

2. Introduction McEwan argues : does not refer to the period following colonization, Post-colonialism is a response to maintain the colonize d’s identity, It could be seen as a type of resistance . Loomba : an ambiguous concept lacking a precise definition. The term applies to all individuals whose values have been impacted by imperial processes. Post-colonialism

3. Edward Said, ( Orientalism) the East as "Other" and inferior to the West . Culture and Imperialism Said argues that literature played a role in strengthening and perpetuating imperialist beliefs, attitudes and in asserting colonizers' identity and the existence of their own history. Barry: Post-colonialist narratives that emerge nowadays must be regarded as narratives of " emancipation " and ' enlightenment " which mobilize people in the colonial world to liberate themselves from imperial subjection .

4. Apocalyptic Northrop : “The Bible and Literature” defines apocalyptic as the Greek word for revelation . ( uncovering or taking a lid off, a removal of the curtains of forgetfulness in the mind)

5. Historical B ackground of the F ilm Apocalypse Now: Francis Ford Coppola: Released in 1979 & 2001. The film is built around the Vietnam War. No fixed beginning for the U.S. war in Vietnam. In 1956, South Vietnam refused to hold unification elections with the Communist North. By 1958. Communist-led battle anti-Communist South. Sending in 2000 military advisors to aid South Vietnam's government. The beginning of the longest war in American history and the most unpopular war of the 20 th century. Results 60 000 American deaths 2 million Vietnamese deaths

6. Explain how the film plays a very important role in bringing certain issues to the table and confronting the viewer to hopefully make him/her deal with these issues and form a definite opinion about them. Show the very beginning of the process of imperialism through the novel while in Coppola’s film exhibits the continuity of these aspects through time. Help readers understand and see that imperialism is a system. The Purpose of Study

7. Both Heart of Darkness and Apocalypse Now are retrospective narrations, which draw on historical events that have already happened. The thesis draw on the past to criticize the choices that have been made and the inhumanity that greed or intolerance breeds, in an attempt to prevent history to be repeated. Depict the connections between imperialism and moral degradation . Examines the portrayal of morally corrupt individuals whose materialistic attitude is controlled by greed for wealth and power and reveals their lack of moral integrity and spiritual strength. The Significance of Study The Objective of Study

8. Research Questions This study attempted to achieve its goals by answering the following specific research questions: 3- Does Coppola try to warn the viewer against the destruction wrought by war. Due to technological advances, powerful machines and bombs are available more than ever before to use during warfare? 1- How the literary works exhibit Said’s views as these unknown territories are represented as exotic and wild? Why this representation is perhaps better portrayed in Coppola’s film? 2- Does Apocalypse Now is an apocalyptic film with which Coppola warn his public of a future that could potentially end in disaster? 4- What new insights are to be found in the different depictions of the identity crises experienced by the protagonists and key characters? H ow can these new insights be useful ?

9. Methodology Edward Said book’s “ Culture and Imperialism ” and his concept of “ orientalism ” will be considered to explain how cultural forms were important in the formation of imperial attitudes. Attention will be paid to how and why specific events and characters of the literary texts altered in the filmic text. The research will therefore be comparative in nature . The books of Stam and Raengo ( 2005:2004), Allen and Gomery (1985) will be used as basis for the slight references to stylistic filmic techniques .

10. Literary as well as filmic methods of analysis will be utilized. Special attention will be paid to concepts of hybridity, boundaries, marginality, liminality and identity construction , within apocalyptic and postcolonial framework. The thesis will Concentrate on the film more than on the novels especially “Heart of Darkness ”, the reason for this is that the study regard “Heart of Darkness” to be a well-known text that has been studied in much more depth than the film . The competition between novels and films and the emergence of a visual culture will also be discussed.

11. Thesis Organization There will be four chapters in this thesis; Chapter Two will explain the theoretical framework of the thesis and the literary concepts. Chapter One will be a general overview of the study, purpose of the study, research questions, methodology. Chapter Four will be the analysis of the identity crises experienced by the protagonists and key characters . Chapter Three will be the analysis of the film Apocalypse Now and related novels and how post-colonialism and apocalyptic link up within the text. There will be conclusion of the study, the findings of the study as well as recommendations for further researches

12. Work Cited Allen, C. & Gomery, D. (1985) Film History: Theory and Practice . Boston, Mass. : McGraw-Hill. 276 p. Barry, P. (1995) Beginning Theory: an Introduction to Literary and Cultural Theory . Manchester : Manchester University Press. 239 p. Brink, A. (1997) South Africa: Postmodernism in Afrikaans and English Literature. (In Bertens, H. & Fokkema, D., eds. lnternational Postmodernism: Theory and Literary Practice. Amsterdam : John Benjamins. p. 483-490). Conrad, J. (1990) Heart of Darkness. World's Classics: Oxford University Press. Digital History. 2004. The War's Costs. [Web:] http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/database/article~display.cfm?HHID=513 Frye, N. (1982) The Great Code: The Bible and Literature . Toronto: Academic Press Canada. Loomba, A. (2005). Colonialism post-colonialism – The new critical idiom. London: Routledge. McEwan, C. (1993). Postcolonialism and development , London: Taylor and Francis Print Meeks, W. (2000) Apocalyptic Strategies and Discourses of Goodness , Hamden, Connecticut. Nel, M. (2002) Die Hellenisties-Romeinse WBreld en die Ontstaan van Apokaliptiek en Gnostisisme. Skrif en Kerk , 23(2):452-467. Rotter, A. (1999) The Causes of the Vietnam War. [Web:] http :/www.english.uiuc.edu/htp:/www.english.uiuc.edu/_vti_bin/shtvtibin/shtml.dl/maps/vietnam/ causes.htm.map/Vietnam/causes.htm.map. Said, E. (1978) Orientalism , Penguin Group: London ------ (1994) Culture and Imperialism . New York: Vintage Books, Print. Stam, R. & Raengo, A. (eds.) (2005) Literature and Film: a Guide to the Theory and Practice of Film Adaptation. Malden, MA : Blackwell. 359 p. Van Der , J. (1992) Realisme. (In Cloete, T.T., ed. Literbre Terme en Teoriee. Pretoria : Haum- Literbr. p. 41 7-41 9.) Worthy, K. (1996) Emissaries of Difference: Conrad, Coppola and Hearts of Darkness. An Interdisciplinary Journal , 24(2):153-167, Jan.