Baski parasitism and its types

Agriculture is an art, "Try to feel and make a love"

1. AMRITA SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES FUNDAMENTALS OF PLANT PATHOLOGY (3+1) PARASITISM AND ITS TYPE COURSE TEACHER Dr.PARTHASARATHY S (PATHOLOGY) STUDENT NAME BASKAR S CB.AG.U4AGR19018

2. PARASITISM A Organism which depends on another organism for living is known as parasitism. Parasites depends host plant for water, food materials , minerals and it grows (multiply) on host plants . Benefitted organism - parasite Harmed organism - host

3. Parasitism is derived from a latin word “ Parasitos ” which means one who eats at the table of another . Haustorium – specialised organ which connect to host’s xylem and phloem and drain it’s nutrients and water.

4. Types of Parasitism Ecto parasite Endo parasite Destructive parasite Balanced parasite Facultative parasite Facultative saprophyte

5. ECTOPARASITE A parasite which live on the external surface of the host is known as e ctoparasite It uptake nutrients from epidermal and mesophyll cells . Example Erysiphe polygoni

6. ENDOPARASITE A parasite which live on internal tissues (inside the cells of host) is known as endoparasites . Example Leveillula taurica TWO TYPES 1. Intercellular 2. Intracellular

7. DESTRUCTIVE PARASITE A Parasite which draw nutrients from host by killing the host is known as destructive parasites . Example Most of the soil borne pathogens Rhizoctonia Macrophomina Verticillium

8. BALANCED PARASITE A parasite which draw nutrients from host by without killing it . Example Colletotrichum sp.

9. FACULTATIVE PARASITE These are the organisms which are usually saprophyte in their mode of life but under certain conditions ,they become a parasite . Example Pythium sp. Fusarium sp. Rhizopus sp.

10. FACULTATIVE SAPROHYTES These are the organisms which are usually parasite in their mode of life but under certain conditions, they become a saprophyte . Example Phytophthora sp. , Mucor sp. Venturia sp.

11. BROAD CATEGORIES OF PARASITISM In 1974,Everett Stanely Luttrell (American Pathologist) (1916 – 1988) classified parasitism into three broad categories . They are Biotrophs Hemibiotrophs Perthotrophs

12. BIOTROPHS These parasites are obligate/ true parasites . They grow only on living host and complete their entire life cycle in single living host in which plant cell remain alive . Examples Mildews, Viruses, Viroids

13. HEMIBIOTROPHS In this , pathogen attack living tissues and it continues to grow. Plant cells remain alive initially and then pathogen kill the plant tissues for reproduction . Examples Cercospora sp. , Alternaria sp. Helminthosporium sp. ,

14. PERTHOTROPH / NECROTROPH Pathogen kill the tissue in advance of penetration and it lives saprophytically . It kills the tissue by secreting certain enzymes and toxics . Examples Claviceps , Venturia , Phytophthora , Agrobacterium

15. OBLIGATE INAPPROPRIATE Parasites can be culture in complex artificial media . Examples rust , smut

16. REFERENCES https://www.britannica.com/plant/parasitic-plant http://nsdl.niscair.res.in/jspui/bitstream/123456789/658/1/Revised%20INTRODUCTORY%20PLANT%20PATH.pdf

17. THANK YOU