BAU concepts of biological diversity.ppt

concepts of biological diversity in BAU

1. Lecture No. Topics
09 Concepts of biological diversity, species biodiversity in
Bangladesh
10 Types of ecosystem in Bangladesh, ECAs in Bangladesh
11 Present status of biodiversity and threats in ECAs
12 Causes and threats to biodiversity losses at Cox’s Bazar and
Hakaluki Haor sites, Initiatives to conserve biodiversity in ECAs
13 Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)- objectives, features,
principles, tools and institutional arrangements
14 Cartagena Protocol on Bio-safety
15 Biodiversity conservation in Bangladesh- Importance, major
factors affecting the status of bio-diversity
16 Role of plantation versus agroforestry for biodiversity
conservation in Bangladesh
Course: AF 525, Environmental Protection in Agroforestry

2. Lecture 1
Concepts of biological diversity, species
biodiversity in Bangladesh

3. WELCOME TO ALL

4. Lecture Outline
•Introduction
•Concepts of biodiversity
•Definitions of biodiversity
•Types of biodiversity
•Importance of biodiversity
•Distribution of biodiversity
•Why biodiversity is rich in tropical regions?
•Causes of biodiversity depletion

5. Introduction
•Bio: Life
•Diversity: Variety
•Biodiversity: Variety of life forms
•Diversity is any dimension that can be used to differentiate
groups and people from one another.
•Diversity refers to the range of variation or variety or
differences among some set of attributes, in terms of age,
gender, ethnicity, religion, disability, sexual orientation,
education, and national origin.

6. Concepts of biodiversity
•The term Biodiversity was first coined by Walter G. Rosen
in 1986.
•Bio-diversity literally means the diversity of the earth’s life
forms.
•The biosphere comprises of a complex collections of
innumerable organisms, known as the Biodiversity, which
constitute the vital life support for survival of human race.
•Biodiversity, a combination of the words biological and
diversity, refers to variability of forms of life in a specific
area.

7. Definitions
•As defined in convention on Biological diversity singed at
Rio De Jenerio (Brazil) In 1992 by 154 countries, the
Biodiversity defined as “The variability among living
organisms from all sources including interalia, terrestrial,
marine and other aquatic eco-systems and the ecological
complexes of which they are apart- this include diversity
within species, between species and of ecosystem.”
•According to IUCN in 1998, “ the variety and variability of
species of their population, the variety of species their life
forms, the diversity of the complex association with species
with their interaction and their ecological process which
influences perform.”

8. Types of biodiversity
Diversity of Species
Diversity of Genes
Diversity of Ecosystem

9. Species diversity
Species diversity 
is the number of different species that are
represented in a given
 community.
It represents the species richness or number of species found
in an ecological community, the abundance (or number of
individuals per species), and the distribution or evenness of
species.

10. Genetic diversity
It is defined as “The variation at the level of individual
genes or the heritable variation within and between
populations of organisms”.
The more genetic diversity in a population, the more
chances in variations. These variations help the individuals
to have a variant that help it to be suite for the new
environment.
Fig: Genetic diversity of corn kernel colors

11. Ecosystem diversity
The community plus the environment with which it interacts
is referred to as an “ecological system” or in short
“ecosystem”.
Ecosystem biodiversity refers to the number of ecosystems
in a certain area. Example California, which includes
temperate forests, prairies, deserts, temperate lakes,
chaparral, kelp forests, beach.
Ecosystems are all of the animals, plants, bacteria, and fungi
as well as the physical components of the area. An
ecosystem can be as large as an entire forest or as small as a
clump of moss that provides a habitat for plants,
microscopic invertebrates, and bacteria.

12. Fig. Ecosystem diversity

13. •Ecosystem biodiversity refers to the number of ecological
interactions among organisms in a certain area.
• For example, a coral reef ecosystem, composed of coral,
sea stars, worms, sea slugs, snails, kelp, sea grass, fish,
crabs, sharks, seals, whales, and plankton has much greater
ecosystem diversity than the open ocean near Antarctica,
which has an ecosystem composed primarily of
phytoplankton, krill, fish, and whales.
•This form of ecosystem biodiversity is a measure of the
complexity of an ecosystem.

14. Coral reef ecosystem and open ocean near Antarctica

15. Importance of biodiversity
 Ecosystem services, such as
•Protection of water resources
•Soils formation and protection
•Nutrient storage and recycling
•Pollution breakdown and absorption
•Contribution to climate stability
•Maintenance of ecosystems
•Recovery from unpredictable events
•Air quality and purity
•Pollination and seed dispersal

16.  Biological resources, such as
•Food
•Medicinal resources and pharmaceutical drugs
•Wood products
•Ornamental plants
•Breeding stocks, population reservoirs
•Future resources
•Diversity in genes, species and ecosystems
 Social benefits, such as
•Research, education and monitoring
•Recreation and tourism
•Cultural values

17. Distribution of biodiversity
•The distribution of the life forms is not similar in
different geographical regions of the earth.
•Each particular ecosystem sustains a particular life form
that adjusting to the changing conditions of the
environment.
•Most of the biodiversity concentrated in Tropical
region.
•Flora and fauna diversity depends on-
Climate
Altitude
Soils
Presence of other species

18. Why biodiversity is rich in tropical region?
Tropical regions are rich in biodiversity than temperate
region because
•Warm temperature and high humidity
•Have more stable climate
•Older communities of the world
•Receive more solar energy over year
•Soil is the most fertile in this region
•More productive ecosystem
Tropical rain forest

19. Causes of biodiversity depletion
•Illegal activities and interferences of human.
•Over-exploitation of natural resources.
•Rapid, Unplanned and Uncontrolled Industrialization and
Urbanization.
•Deforestation,
 Illegal Hunting, Habitats Degradation and
Destruction.
•Over-exploitation of Particular Species, like Medicinal
Plants, Bamboo, canes
 
etc.
•Destruction of the Mangrove for Conversion into Shrimp
Culture.
•Frequent Occurrences of Natural Disasters, like Floods
Droughts, Storms, Cyclones, Tornadoes, Tidal Surges
 
etc.