beer processing and health benefits.

about beer

1. BEER- PROCESSING AND HEALTH BENEFITS By- Chandresh Tripathi Roll-014 CFT,UoA

2. Introduction Beer is the oldest and most widely consumed alcoholic drink in the world. The third most popular drink overall after water and tea. This should not be surprising, as beer is also the most complex and varied of drinks. The process of making beer is known as brewing . The alcoholic strength of beer is around 4% to 6% alcohol by volume (ABV)

3. Variety in beer It can taste like lemons or smoke, coffee or coco-nuts, bananas or bread, chilies or ginger. Beer can be crisply acidic and earthy, or it can be bracingly bitter and secularly aromatic. It can be enjoyed days after it was brewed or emerge from a bottle more than a century later and produce rapturous delight.

4. Definition It is a noun and can be described as “ An alcoholic drink made from yeast-fermented malt flavoured with hops.”

5. History oldest prepared beverages, possibly dating back to the early Neolithic or 9500 BC . The earliest known chemical evidence of barley beer dates to circa 3500–3100 BC. Beer was spread through Europe by Germanic and Celtic tribes as far back as 3000 BC. As per current scenario, the brewing industry is a global business.

6. Types of beer

7. ALES It  is a type of beer brewed using a warm fermentation method, resulting in a sweet, full-bodied and fruity taste. Historically, the term referred to a drink brewed without hops. Ale typically has a bittering agent to balance the sweetness of the malt and act as a preservative .

8. Lager It   is a type of beer that originates from the part of the Austrian Empire that is now known as the Czech Republic. It is conditioned at low temperatures, normally at the brewery. It may be pale, golden, amber, or dark.

9. WELCOME TO THE WORLD of BREWERY.

10. Ingredients required Malt Hops Brewer’s Yeast Brewing Water Adjuncts

11. Malt Malt is germinated cereal grains that have been dried in a process known as "malting". The grains are made to germinate by soaking in water, and are then halted from germinating further by drying with hot air.

12. Hops Hops are the flowers of vine plant  Humulus lupulus . Impart bitter, zesty, or citric flavours. Humulones found in hops: Gives the beer its bitterness. Increases the beers shelf life. Hops contains resins and oils. The resins gives bitterness to the beer. The oil enhances the flavor and aroma of the beer.

13. Brewers yeast Are unicellular microorganisms. Converts sugar into alcohol and carbon dioxide.’ Are added after water and malt altogether is boiled and cooked. Two types of yeast are used Ale yeast ( saccharomyces cerevisiae ) Lager yeast ( sacchromyces uvarum )

14. Brewers water Makes up to 90% volume of beer. Is obtained from well or spring or tap water might also be used. Its purity is maintained to obtain good beer. salt and minerals contents are monitored and adjusted. If water contains too much sulphur, the brew becomes bitter. Magnesium on the other hand is an important molecule for yeast.

15. BREWING PROCESS

16. 1. Malting The grains are soaked in water tanks for 2-3 days at 10-15 C (steeping) They are allowed to germinate for 6-15 days (humidity: 45%, temperature: 12-21 C). Enzyme cytase converts insoluble starch to soluble one. Enzyme dystase convert the soluble starch into sugars. Conversion of starch into sugars (maltose) is known as malting.

17. The malt is then hot air dried at about 55 C in oast houses ( oasting ).

18. 2. Milling After drying and heating, the rootlets from malt is removed. The grains are then grinded coarsely in roller mills; forming grists .

19. 3. Mashing The grist is mixed with hot water The mash is cooked for up to 6 hours at low temperature. Enzymes in the malt convert starch into sugars producing wort. The wort is then boiled for about an hour and a half. Factors like: temperature, time and pH are adjusted.

20. 4. Lautering Refers to separation of wort(sugar solution) from the undissolved part of the grain. Water is sparged through the grains . This process is done in tanks known as lauter tun which contains a giant sieve .

21. 5. Boiling The wort is then transferred into boiling tanks (kettle) Hops are added at this stage. Boiling: sterilizes the wort, inactivates the enzymes, coagulates proteins present and forms flavor compound from added hops .

22. 6. Hop separation and cooling Protein and hops are removed from wort . It is then cooled in a plate cooler where the coolant flows in opposite direction to the wort. The wort temperature drops from boiling to about 10-20 C in a few seconds.

23. 7. Fermentation The cooled oxygenated wort is placed into fermented vessel and yeast are added. Fermentation lasts for about 7 to 10 days or more. The function of fermenter is: To contain a maximum amount of wort. To allow evacuation or collection of carbon dioxide. To have a proper cooling system.

24. 8. Lagering Storing and conditioning stage of beer. Beer is kept at about 0 C in stainless steel tanks after fermentation has occurred. Beer is stabilized and matured to produce desired flavor. It is either pasteurized or filtered once or twice before bottling. This process takes 1-3 weeks or months depending upon the type of beer being produced.

25. 9. Bottling and preservation Packaging done in : bottles, cans and barrels. The container is kept free of oxygen., The beer is then pasteurized. This kills the remaining yeasts. When bottling, the beer is subjected to carbonization process.

26. Health benefits of beer become prominent if it is consumed in moderate amounts.  HEALTH BENEFITS OF BEER

27. Proximate composition of beer.

28. Prevents Cancer A flavonoid compound called xanthohumol is found in the hops commonly used in brewing beer. It has been seen to play a major role in the chemoprevention of cancer, including prostate cancer.

29. Protects Heart Beer contains vitamin B6, which protects against heart diseases by preventing the build-up of a compound called homocysteine . It has a thinning effect on the blood and prevents the formation of clots, which cause blockages in the coronary arteries.

30. 3. Increases Bone Density Moderate intake is shown to increase bone density, thereby preventing the risk of fractures and osteoporosis. A 2009 study concluded that the elevated levels of silicon in beer can contribute to higher bone density.

31. 4. Controls Diabetes Studies have linked moderate beer consumption to a lower prevalence of type 2 diabetes. About  15 different scientific researches  have confirmed that beer reduces the risk of suffering.

32. 5. Prevents Anemia Beer is a good source of vitamin B12 and folic acid, a deficiency of which may lead to anaemia. Vitamin B12 is also essential for maintaining normal growth, good memory, and concentration.

33. 6 . Delays Aging Beer increases the potency and impact of vitamin E, which is a major antioxidant in the body. It is an important part of the maintenance of healthy skin, while also slowing down the aging process.

34. 7 . Prevents Gallstones Regular consumption of a moderate amount of beer affects the cholesterol levels and decreases bile concentration, leading to a reduced risk of developing gallstones.

35. 8 . Prevents Dementia Beer consumption also boosts the level of “good cholesterol” by 10-20%, thus reducing the risk of dementia and cardiovascular diseases.

36. 9. Improves Digestion Beer is shown to possess a number of digestive properties, which include the stimulation of gastrin , gastric acid, cholecystokinin , and pancreatic enzymes.

37. 11. Reduces Risk of Kidney Stones Beer is high in potassium and magnesium, which results in a reduced risk of kidney stones. A Finnish study singled out beer among other alcoholic beverages, finding that it was better for your kidneys. In fact, each bottle of beer you drink reduces the risk of developing kidney stones by 40%.

38. List of health benefits Prevents type 2 diabetes. Protects against gallstones. Good vitamin source. Niacin or vitamin B3 Riboflavin Pantothenic acid. Folate . Improves brains health. Improves heart health. Boosts creativity and problem solving skills. Improves kidney function. Speeds up recovery process. Improves metabolism. Prevents formation of cataracts. Lowers blood pressure. Protects from infection. Strengthens bones Improves digestion. Promotes sleep Prevents blood clot. Boosts memory. Relieve stress. Cure for cold. Decreases risk of getting cancer, etc.

39. Conclusion Beer is the oldest and most widely consumed alcoholic drink in the world . It is an alcoholic drink made from yeast-fermented malt flavoured with hops . Health benefits of beer become prominent if it is consumed in moderate amounts.  

40. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!!