BEGINNING OF MODERNISM IN ARCHITECTURAL STUDY

Slide Show on Modern Era Architecture

1. BEGINNING OF MODERNISM 20SA02AR010 SWARAJ S PATIL 20SA02AR012 MONIKA SOLANKI Subject :- HAC – 6 B.Arch.

2. Introduction As living in a modern world, everything we see has been modernized, from a pen to person. As evolving species , Humans rapidly grow smarter and want their life to be full of comfort and elegance. Similarly when the development of the old structures and architecture styles were at hand , many people and their concepts emerged and changed the whole world of architecture. 2

3. But .. How did we reached today’s Modernism 1750AD-1980AD NeoClassical architecture 1917-1965 Modernism 1997-Present Parametricism 1925 Art-Deco Style 1950-2007 Postmodernism

4. NeoClassic Architecture Neoclassical Architecture is the rediscovery of Classical Greek and Roman Architecture that flourished in the 18th and 19th centuries. Also, known as Classical Revival and Beaux. Arts Classicism, this style incorporates grandiose symmetrical composition drawing influence from Palladian style of Architecture. -Belvedere Palace 4

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6. Symmetry, elegant lines, uncluttered (not having too many elements) appearance, triangular pediments, free-standing columns, balustraded balconies, pronounced cornices, and grand-scale building distinguished this unique style of architecture.  Neoclassical  is widespread as an influential style in the United States, Great Britain, and parts of Europe. The White House in Washington and Belvedere Palace, Vienna are some of the well-known examples of Neoclassical architecture.  6 -Chiswick House, London

7. Art-Deco Style Art-deco style is a part of the Art-deco movement that emerged in the 1920s and 30’s promoting the industrial arts, which spread quickly throughout Europe and U.S.  The movement represents social and technological progress combined with the use of luxurious materials, patterns, handcrafted elements, and icons with modern technology and design.  Art-Deco  buildings utilize expensive materials like stucco (fine plaster) decorative glass, steel, terracotta, aluminum, and ceramics. -Champs-Elysees by Auguste Perret 7

8. Notable features of this style include stepped gables, sculptured panels, ornate detailing's such as the pyramid, zigzag, cubic forms, chevron, and other geometric shapes. This revolutionary era created some marvelous structures like Champs-Elysees by Auguste Perret, the first Art-Deco building, and other iconic skyscrapers like the Chrysler Building and Empire State Building also came up in this era. -Empire State Building 8

9. Modernism Rejecting ornament and embracing minimalism, Modernism became the single most important new style or philosophy of architecture and design of the 20th century. It was associated with an analytical approach to the function of buildings, a strictly rational use of (often new) materials, structural innovation and the elimination of ornament. It was also known as International Modernism or International Style, after an exhibition of modernist architecture in America in 1932 by the architect Philip Johnson. -S R Crown Hall 9

10. The style became characterized by an emphasis on volume, asymmetrical compositions, and minimal ornamentation. In Britain, the term Modern Movement has been used to describe the rigorous modernist designs of the 1930s to the early 1960s. Walter Gropius and Le Corbusier were the pioneers of the movement, with the latter having a profound impact on the design of many public housing schemes in Britain. -Falling Water 10

11. Modernism encompasses various different styles that emphasize functionalism, purified architectural form, clean structure, lack of ornamentation, and use of new-age materials steel, glass, and concrete.  Modernism  is viewed as an important shift in terms of architectural design and expression. The term ‘Form follows Function’ redefined a new world of architecture that signifies and sustains to motivate architects today. The great architects that flourished during this era include Frank Lloyd Wright, Louis Sullivan, Mies Van De Rohe, and Le Corbusier with their iconic structures like Falling Water, Villa Savoye, Crown Hall, Chicago, etc. - Villa Savoye 11

12. Villa Savoye Le Corbusier Pierre Jeanneret

13. The house single-handedly transformed Le Corbusier’s career as well as the principles of the International Style; becoming one of the most important architectural precedents in history. Villa Savoye’s detachment from its physical context lends its design to be contextually integrated into the mechanistic/industrial context of the early 20th century, conceptually defining the house as a mechanized entity. Le Corbusier is famous for stating, “The house is a machine for living.” This statement is not simply translated into the design of a human-scaled assembly line; rather the design begins to take on innovative qualities and advances found in other fields of industry, in the name of efficiency. 13

14. In response to his aspirations and admiration of mechanized design, Le Corbusier established  “The Five Points Of Architecture" , which is simply a list of prescribed elements to be incorporated in the design. The Five Points of architecture can be thought of as Le Corbusier’s modern interpretation of Vitruvius’ Ten Books on Architecture, not literally in the sense of an instructional manual for architects, but rather a checklist of necessary components of design. In fact, Villa Savoye is thoroughly tailored to Corbusier’s Five Points: Pilotis   Flat Roof Terrace Open Plan Ribbon Windows Free Façade   14

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16. Discription of the structure The lower level serves as the maintenance and service programs of the house. One of the most interesting aspects of the house is the curved glass façade on the lower level that is formed to match the turning radius of automobiles of 1929 so that when the owner drives underneath the larger volume they can pull into the garage with ease of a slight turn. The living quarters, or the upper volume, are fitted with ribbon windows that blend seamlessly into the stark, white façade, which void the façade(s) of any hierarchy.  The ribbon windows begin to play with the perception of interior and exterior, which does not fully become expressed until once inside. 16

17. The living quarters, or the upper volume, are fitted with ribbon windows that blend seamlessly into the stark, white façade, which void the façade(s) of any hierarchy.  The ribbon windows begin to play with the perception of interior and exterior, which does not fully become expressed until once inside. However once inside, there becomes a clear understanding of the spatial interplay between public and private spaces.  Typically, the living spaces of a house are relatively private, closed off, and rather secluded. Yet, Le Corbusier situates the living spaces around a communal, outdoor terraced that is separated from the living area by a sliding glass wall. This notion of privatized areas within a larger communal setting is a common thread later on in Le Corbusier’s housing projects.  17

18. Both the lower level and the upper living quarters are based on an open plan idea that provokes the inhabitant to continuously meander between spaces.  As an architectural tour de force, Le Corbusier incorporates a series of ramps moving from the lower level all the way to the rooftop garden, which requires the inhabitant to slow down and experience the movement between spaces. Villa Savoye is a house designed based on an architectural promenade. Its experience is in the movement through the spaces. It is not until one becomes familiar with the subtle peculiarities that the movement and proportionality of the spaces evokes a sense of monumentality within the Parisian suburb. 18

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20. Postmodernism Postmodernism was a reaction against the modern approach giving rise to a new era that reinvents historical details, extravagant forms, and familiar motifs. PostModernism incorporates artistic ornamentation, asymmetry, humor, creativity, complexity, and decorative elements as opposed to clean purified architectural form by modernist style. -James R. Thompson Center 20

21. Robert Venturi was the well-known architect of this era, who challenged Modernism in his book Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture. Guggenheim  Museum , Spain,  Portland Building in Portland, SIS Building, Thompson Centre, etc are some of the exceptional examples of Post-Modernism Architecture.  -Guggenheim  Museum 21

22. Parametricism ‘ Parametricism ’ was coined by theorist and principal architect of Zaha Hadid Architects, Patrik Schumacher. Parametric design is the latest technological innovation in architecture, developed on algorithmic equations to figure out all the possible designs with the help of modern tools like  CAD , BIM (building information modeling), and Fusion 360s. These powerful computational tools build apparently impossible forms and ingenious structures that have never been done before. - BMW Welt 22

23. The style goes much beyond aesthetics and theories is defined by fluidity, blending complexity and variety drawing inspiration from nature Renowned Architects like Frei Otto and Antoni Gaudi with their research and theories laid the foundational stones on which the style is being built today. Guangzhou Opera House, Galaxy SOHO by Zaha Hadid, BMW Welt by COOP HIMMELB, Beijing National Stadium by Herzog & de Meuron , etc are few phenomenal examples of Parametric Architecture. - Guangzhou Opera House 23

24. Bibliography https://www.re-thinkingthefuture.com/architectural-styles/a5161-timeline-of-prominent-architectural-styles/ https://www.archdaily.com/84524/ad-classics-villa-savoye-le-corbusier/5037e6d728ba0d599b00036c-ad-classics-villa-savoye-le-corbusier-image https://www.inexhibit.com/mymuseum/s-r-crown-hall-iit-campus-chicago-mies-van-der-rohe/ -Guggenheim Museum

25. Thank You !! 25 Presentation title 20XX