behavior therapy.pptx

It is a form of treatment for problem in which a trained person deliberately establishes a professional relationship with the patient, with the objective of removing or modifying existing symptoms and promoting positive personality, growth and development.

1. BEHAVIORAL THERAPY

2. Behaviour Adaptive Maladaptive- when it is age inappropriate, interferes with adaptive functioning or others misunderstand it in terms of cultural inappropriateness. Behaviorism see psychological disorders as the result of maladaptive learning, as people are born tabula rasa (a blank slate). Basic assumption is that the maladaptive behaviour can be corrected through the provision of adequate learning experiences.

3. DEFINITION It is a form of treatment for problem in which a trained person deliberately establishes a professional relationship with the patient, with the objective of removing or modifying existing symptoms and promoting positive personality, growth and development. A form of psychotherapy, the goal of which is to modify maladaptive behaviour patterns by reinforcing more adaptive behaviors.

4. Assumptions of Behavioral therapy The following are the assumptions of behavior therapy. All behavior is learned (adaptive and maladaptive) Human beings are passive organisms that can be conditioned or shaped to do anything if correct responses are rewarded or reinforced. M aladaptive behavior can be unlearned and replaced by adaptive behavior if the person receives exposure to specific stimuli and reinforcement for the desired adaptive behavior. Behavior assessment is focused more on the current behavior rather than on historical antecedents. Treatment strategies are individually tailored.

5. INDICATIONS OF BEHAVIORAL THERAPY

6. BEHAVIORAL THERAPY TECHNIQUES

7. SYSTEMIC DESENSITIZATION It was developed by joseph wolpe, based on the behavioral principle of counter conditioning. In this, patient attain a state of complete relaxation and are then exposed to the stimulus that elicits the anxiety response. The negative reaction of anxiety is inhibited by the relaxed state, a process called reciprocal inhibition. INDICATION Phobias Obsessions Compulsions Certain sexual disorders

8. It consists of three main steps: Relaxation training :Relaxation training There are many methods which can be used to induce relaxation. Some of them are: Jacobson's progressive muscle relaxation Hypnosis Meditation or yoga Mental imagery Biofeedback Hierachy construction : Hierachy construction Here the patient is asked to list all the conditions which provoke anxiety. Then he is asked to list them in a descending order of anxiety provocation. Desensitization of the stimuli : This can either be done in reality or though imagination. At first, the lowest item in hierarchy is confronted. The patient is advised to signal whenever anxiety is produced. After a few trails, patient is able to control his anxiety gradually. https://youtu.be/n4m2NJlJVuc

9. FLOODING The patient is directly exposed to the phobic stimulus, but escape is made impossible. By prolonged contact with the phobic stimulus, the therapist guidance and encouragement and his modeling behavior reduce anxiety. Indication: specific phobias https://youtu.be/wo_h3eRHqWQ

10. AVERSION THERAPY Pairing of the pleasant with an unpleasant response, so that even in absence of the unpleasant response the pleasant stimulus becomes unpleasant . Unpleasant response is produced by electric stimulus, drugs, social disapproval or even fantasy. INDICATIONS Alcohol abuse Paraphilias Homosexuality Transvestism

11. OPERANT CONDITIONING PROCEDURE FOR INCREASING ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOUR Positive reinforcement When a behavioral response is followed by a generally rewarding event such as food, praise or gifts I t tends to be strengthed and occur more frequently than before reward. This techniques is used to increase desired behavior. Token economy This program involves giving token rewards for appropriate or desired target behaviors performed by the patient.

12. OPERANT CONDITIONING PROCEDURE TO TEACH NEW BEHAVIOUR https://youtu.be/hAxiuMO052o

13. 0PERANT CONDITIONING PROCEDURES FOR DECREASING MALADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR Extinction/Ignoring : Extinction mean removal of attention rewards permanently, following a problem behavior. This includes actions like not looking at the patient, not talking to the patient, or having no physical contact with the patient. This is used when patients exhibit odd behaviour. Time out : Timeout method includes removing the patient from the reward or the reward from the patient for a particular period of time following a problem behavior. This is often used in the treatment of childhood disorders. for eg the child is not allowed to go out of the ward to play if he fails to complete the given work. Punishment The punishment procedure should be administered immediately and consistently following the undesirable behavior with clear explanation. Desirable punishment should always be added when a punishment is being used for decreasing an undesirable behavior Restitution (over correction) : Restitution means restoring the disturbed situation to a state that is much better than what it was before the occurrence of the problem behavior. for eg if a patient passes urine in the ward he would be required to not only clean the dirty area but also map the entire area of the floor in the ward.

14. ASSERTIVENESS AND SOCIAL SKILL TRAINING Assertive training is a behavior therapy technique in which the patient is given training to bring about change in emotional and other behavioral pattern by being assertive. Patient is encouraged not to be afraid of showing an appropriate response, negative or positive, to an idea or suggestion. Assertive behavior training is given by the therapist, first by role play and then by practice in a real life situation. Social skills training helps to improve social manners like encouraging eye contact, speaking appropriately, observing simple etiquette and relating to people.

15. ADVANTAGES OF BEHAVIORAL THERAPY Behavioral therapists use empirically tested techniques, assuring that clients are receiving both effective and brief treatment Evidence-based therapies (EBT) are a hallmark of both behavior therapy and cognitive behavior therapy Most studies show that behavior therapy methods are more effective than no treatment Emphasis on ethical accountability (does not dictate whose behavior or what behavior should be changed) Address ethical issues by stating that therapy is basically an education process; an essential feature of behavior therapy involves collaboration between therapist & client

16. DISADVANTAGES OF BEHAVIOURAL THERAPY Behavior therapy may change behaviors, but it does not change feelings Behavior therapy ignores the important relational factors in therapy Behavior therapy does not provide insight Behavior therapy treats symptoms rather than causes Behavior therapy involves control & manipulation by therapist