Behaviour modification techniques

this slide share is on behavior modification techniques

1. PRESENTED BY: KHANSA HAQ NAWAZ & TEYBAA AKHTAR BEHAVIOUR MODIFICATION TECHNIQUES

2.  “The actions or reactions of a person in response to external or internal stimuli; conduct; manners or deportment, especially good manners; general course of life; treatment of others; manner of action; the activity of an organism, especially as measurable for its effects; response to stimulus; the functioning, response or activity of an object or substance.” WHAT IS BEHAVIOR

3. Individual differences Differences in family patterns Impairment/disabilities Environmental factors Psychological factors Root Causes of BEHAVIOUR Differences

4. Interfere positively in the child’s activities to influence its thoughts in order to bring in desirable changes in the pattern of behaviour What’s Behaviour Modification?

5. Systematic application of learning principles and techniques to assess and improve individuals covert and overt behaviours in order to help them function more fully in society. behaviour modification Principle

6. Emphasized defining and measuring behaviour Treatment focuses greatly on the environment Methods and rationales can be described precisely. Most techniques are based on research on learning Emphasizes scientific method Accountability is placed on everyone involved Characteristics of behaviour Modification

7. There are five categories of activities that can be addressed with behaviour modification techniques Develop a new behaviour Strengthen a behaviour Maintain an established behaviour Stop inappropriate behaviour, stop , stop…. Techniques Of Behaviour Modification

8. Class room monitoring Role playing and modeling Moral education Social Problem Solving (SPS): Direct teaching of SPS skills (e.g. alternative thinking, means-ends thinking), dialoguing, self-instruction training TECHNIQUES

9. Guidelines for Implementing behaviour Management Programme Step 1: Observe – Try to identify the crucial productivity behaviours. Step 2: Pinpoint – Identify those behaviours that may require change. Methods of the behaviour Management and Change

10. Step 3: Record – Record not only the actively itself but also • The stimulus conditions under which it occurs, • As well as the consequences that follow it for the employee. Step 4: Change the Consequences – Correct the feedback deficiencies discovered if any. – The lack of rewards etc. Methods of the behaviour Management and Change

11. Successive Approximation Principle This technique is used to teach the child a new behaviour or concept he or she has not learned, by rewarding successive steps to the desired behaviour. Continuous Reinforcement Principle When teaching new behaviours or tasks that a child has not learned, use an immediate reward after each correct performance. This technique is much the same as the first, but this time you'll be expecting the behaviour to be exact instead of something close to that

12. Punishment Process of reducing behaviour by immediately presenting an aversive condition contingent upon a response that results in a decrease in the frequency of that response. Negative Reinforcement Principle Some children need more work than others to acquire good behaviour, but this technique of behaviour modification can be used for every child at times of resistance and normal childhood rebellion. By giving the child choices, you are teaching him to make good decisions by offering a choice of consequences for good and bad behaviour

13. Modeling Principle When the teacher notes a few of her students misbehaving, a good behaviour modification technique is to verbally praise the children who are behaving appropriately. This sends a message to the ones you're trying to teach. This technique works very well with younger children who adore the attention of adults Cue Principle To teach a child to remember a learned behaviour, give a cue for the correct performance or behaviour, just before the action is expected. This helps to avoid misbehaviour and especially with the child who is more likely to misbehave without reminding

14. Decreasing Reinforcement This technique is also called, "extinguishing." You want the child to behave appropriately, even without a reward, so once the new behaviour has been learned through its rewards, it's time to slowly decrease the rewards to encourage greater expectations. Avoidance Principle To teach a child to avoid a certain type of situation, simultaneously present to the child the situation to be avoided and some aversive condition (or its representation).

15. Extinction The principle of extinction works removing or changing what happens after the behaviour takes place. In effect, the incentive or reward that motivates a person to carry out a certain behaviour is taken away. When this happens over and over again, the motivation to indulge in a certain behaviour begins to fade or extinct…… Systematic Desensitization (Fear Reduction Principle) Systematic desensitization is a behaviour modification practice used to eliminate fears or undesirable emotions. An example of this practice would be removing a person's fear of public speaking. Speaking in front of a small group of friends or family might be a first step. The person then gradually works up to speaking in front of a larger group of strangers or associates.

16. Biofeedback Biofeedback is a method that provide immediate feedback on a person's physiological state, be it heart rate, breathing rate or blood pressure. Feedback is provided by a mechanical device that lets the person know when particular symptom is present. Empathy To empathise means placing yourself in the other man’s place. Show empathy to your children.

17. Emotional Tank Fill the child’s emotional tank with: Eye contact Gentle touch Undivided attention Parental Command V/s. Cordial Persuasion Please “Slow down” Is often better than "Stop Running”

18. Aversion Therapy A behaviour therapy in which an aversive (causing a strong feeling of dislike or disgust) stimuli is paired with an undesirable behaviour in order to reduce or eliminate that behaviour.

19. Some behaviour Modification Theories- Maslow’s Need Hierarchy theory.  Herzberg’s Motivation-hygiene Theory Expectancy Theories of Motivation behaviour MODIFICATION THEORIES

20. It’s most widely discussed and researched motivational theory. Individuals are motivated to act by internal forces, which Maslow labels as needs. Maslow’s Need Hierarchy theory.

21. Maslow’s Need Hierarchy theory

22. Needs when Activated Produce tension within individual Individual act to reduce the tension satisfy the need Maslow’s Need Hierarchy theory

23. – Herzberg tailor Maslow's approach to the work environment by identifying organisational factors that corresponded to Maslow's need. Herzberg’s Motivation Hygiene Theory

24. Maslow’s Theory Herzberg's theory Physiological, safety and social needs. Ego and self actualisation needs. Look of pay, job security ,company policy, and supervision. Organisational factors of achievement, recognition,and responsibility.

25. Vroom (1964), porter and lawler (1968) specified-  How organisational factors interact with individual variables to influence a worker to behave in a creating manner. Expectancy theories of motivation

26. The force a person to perform an act is a functions of the algebraic sum of the products of the valences of all outcomes and the strength of his expectancies. • Expectancy Theories of Motivation

27. MOTIVATION THEORY

28. – Porter and lawler's performance model • Refutes that satisfaction causes good performance. • Good performance The attainment of equitable and desired rewards Satisfaction. – The key variable for both good performance and satisfaction is the receipt of desired rewards. Expectancy theories of motivation

29. ANY QUESTIONS???