Bengal Famine- How the British Engineered the Worst Genocide in Human History of Profile

This presentation is made basically focusing on the two greatest famine that occurred in 1770 and 1943 that caused for a great genocide by the policy of British. Also includes the consequences, causes behind this famine.

1. Presentation on- The Bengal Famine: How the British Engineered the Worst Genocide in Human History of Profile Presented By: Saima Hossain (19131004) Kazi Sumaiya Akter Safa (19131014)

2. Going To Discuss on : About Bengal Famine of 1770 &1943 1770 & 1943 Bengal Famine Facts Consequences of the Famines What was the motive of the engineering by the British behind this Genocide

3. Famine: A famine is a widespread scarcity of food caused by several factors including war, inflation, crop failure, population imbalance, or government policies is usually accompanied or followed by regional malnutrition, starvation, epidemic, and increased mortality.

4. Bengal Famine: 1770 The Great Bengal Famine of 1770 was a famine between 1769 and 1773. Many Famines took place during the 18 th & 19 th century through the Indian subcontinent. It is usually attributed to a combination of weather and the policies of the British East India Company.

5. Bengal Famine: 1770 The start of the famine has been attributed to a failed monsoon in 1769 that caused widespread drought. occurred in the territory of modern West Bengal, Bangladesh, and parts of Assam, Odisha, Bihar,Jharkhand , Birbhum and Murshidabad , in Bengal, and Tirhut , Champaran and Bettiah , in Bihar.

6. 1770 Bengal Famine Facts: During the British Raj in India, the subcontinent experienced countless famines and the worst hit was Bengal. The first Bengal Famine came in 1770 . The other ones that had hit Bengal were in the years 1783, 1866, 1873, 1892, 1897 and finally in 1943. All of them were severe but the one that stands out is the famine of 1943.

7. 1770 Bengal Famine Facts: Before the advent of the British, the Mughals had a simple policy. The peasants were made to pay 10% to 15% of the cash harvest to the Emperor. After paying 10% to 15% tribute to the emperor, peasants would still have surplus stock at their hands to help them during times of partial crop failure. This method worked just fine.

8. 1770 Bengal Famine Facts: things changed in 1765. That was the year when Treaty of Allahabad was signed between British East India Company and Shah Alam II – the Mughal Emperor . The Treaty of Allahabad shifted the tax collecting power to the hands of British East India Company.

9. AllahaBad Treaty:

10. 1770 Bengal Famine Facts: The company suddenly increased the taxes to 50 %. peasants had no idea that the money had changed hands and that the taxes were now going to British East India Company and not the emperor. Partial crop failure occurred in 1768 and in 1769, the rain was dismal.

11. 1770 Bengal Famine Facts: Peasants were by this time in serious condition. The surplus was gone because of extra taxation. By early 1770 starvation had already set the famine. By middle of the year, the starvation of so severe and large scale that people who lived were reported to be eating the dead.

12. 1770 Bengal Famine Facts: opposite to what the Mughals did, the British actually went on to increase the taxation to 60% in 1771 when the famine was at its peak and killing people. To make things worse, the British had, after taking over from the Mughals, ordered cultivation of cash crops like poppy, indigo and other items that had high market value.

13. 1770 Famine:

14. Consequences of Famine-1770: The revenues of British East India Company dropped to £174,300 due to the famine. Tax collection was carried out violently to make up for losses.

15. Consequences of Famine-1770: Population of Bengal declined by a third. Total deaths ~10 million The farmers used to grow vegetables and paddy but the British forced them to produce other crops that led to shortage of edible crops. Absence of back up of edible crops killed more people.

16. Consequences of Famine-1770: Diseases like smallpox and other others that came with the famine that were also responsible for increasing the magnitude of the famine. People had to face plights that are beyond description

17. Bengal Famine 1943: The Bengal famine of 1943 was a major famine of the Bengal province in British India during World War II. Historians have frequently characterized the famine as " man-made“ Bengal and Orissa was mainly the most vulnerable to this Famine.

18. Bengal Famine 1943: It took place between the year 1943–1944. The 1943 Bengali famine was caused by then-British Prime Minister Winston Churchill’s policies and not drought, a group of Indian and American researchers have found in a study published in the journal, Geophysical Research Letters.

19. Bengal Famine 1943: Winston Churchill said , "I hate Indians. They are a beastly people with a beastly religion. The famine was their own fault for breeding like rabbits."

20. Bengal Famine 1943: Churchill also said , "If food is so scarce, why hasn’t Gandhi died yet“? when he was asked to send the relief over Telegram.

21. 1943 Bengal Famine Facts: India’s Rice Belt Population Surge Land Tenure System Shift to Rural Credit and Land-Grabbing Transport Soil Conditions Water Supply

22. 1943 Bengal Famine Facts: Start of Burma’s Occupation by Japan Adoption of Boat Denial Policy The October Cyclone Three Storm Surges Government Ignored Forecasts Price Shocks and Price Control Abolition of Free Trade

23. 1943 Bengal Famine Facts: Not Implementing Famine Code Import Refusal Widespread Famine and Diseases Malaria the Prime Killer Family Breakdown and Migration Prostitution and Girls Relief Efforts

24. 1943 Famine:

25. Consequences of Famine 1943: Total deaths Estimated 2.1 to 3 million in Bengal alone. The famine was not caused by a crop failure, but was largely due to an increase in urban demand for food during a wartime economic boom that raised food prices for the rural poor.

26. Consequences of Famine 1943: The distressing famine in Bengal in 19434 caused a gasp of astonishment as well as of horror in India and in the UK . Prostitution of girls increased for demand of foods. Diseases like Malaria outbreak

27. What was the motive of the engineering by the British behind this Genocide https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XOxXZ3rNISc

28. References: https:// yourstory.com/2014/08/bengal-famine-genocide https://factslegend.org/1770-bengal-famine-facts-25-facts-forgotten-holocaust-india / https:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Bengal_famine_of_1770 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal_famine_of_1943

29. References: https:// www.dhakatribune.com/magazine/arts-letters/2019/04/04/new-soil-study-confirms-1943-bengal-famine-was-caused-by-winston-churchill-s-policies-not-drought https://factslegend.org/1943-bengal-famine-facts-45-facts-on-churchills-engineered-genocide / http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,2031992,00.html