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1. CHAPTER: 13 Leadership 1/26/2023 1

2. Objectives 1/26/2023 2 Define Leadership? Compare b/w leader and manager? State types of leaders?

3. Objectives 1/26/2023 3 4. Mention the common activities of leader and manager? 5. What are the leadership styles? 6. What are the factors that influence the leadership style? 7. What are the qualities of leadership?

4. INTRODUCTION Leadership is the ability to develop a vision that motivates others to move with a passion toward a common goal. So leadership is a process by which a person influences others to accomplish an objective and directs the organization in away that makes it more cohesive and coherent 1/26/2023 4

5. What is leadership? Leading people Influencing people Commanding people Guiding people 1/26/2023 5

6. Management Management is the ability to organize resources and coordinate the execution of tasks necessary to reach a goal in a timely and cost effective manner 1/26/2023 6

7. Leadership vs Management Management seeks stability & predictability (order) Leadership seeks improvement through change (disorder) 1/26/2023 7

8. Leadership & Management Skills Leadership – soft skills Communications Motivation Stress Management Team Building Change Management Management – hard skills Scheduling Staffing Activity Analysis Project Controls 1/26/2023 8

9. 1/26/2023 9

10. Who is a Leader? Leader A person who is followed by others. A leader is a person who has the ability to get other people to do what they don’t want to do and like it” - Harry Truman 1/26/2023 10

11. Who is a manager? Manager A person controlling or administering a business or a part of a business. 1/26/2023 11

12. Types of Leaders Leader by the position achieved Leader by personality Leader by moral example Leader by power held Intellectual leader Leader because of ability to accomplish things 1/26/2023 12

13. Leader vs Manager Leaders: Do the right thing Manager: Do things right 1/26/2023 13

14. Managers vs. Leaders Managers: Focus on things Do things right Plan Organize Direct Control Follows the rules Leaders: Focus on people Do the right things encourage Influence Motivate Build 1/26/2023 14

15. Common Activities Planning Organizing Directing Controlling 1/26/2023 15

16. Planning Manager: Planning Budgeting Sets targets Establishes detailed steps Allocates resources Leader: Devises strategy Sets direction Creates vision 1/26/2023 16

17. Organizing Manager: Creates structure Job descriptions Staffing Hierarchy Delegates Training Leader: Gets people on board for strategy Communication Networks 1/26/2023 17

18. Directing Work Manager: Solves problems Negotiates Leader: Empowers people 1/26/2023 18

19. Controlling Manager: Implements control systems Performance measures Identifies variances Leader: Motivate encourage Gives sense of accomplishment 1/26/2023 19

20. The Activities of Successful & Effective leaders Type of Activity Description categories Interacting with outsiders Traditional Management Networking Human Resource Management Exchange Information Handling paperwork Planning Decision Making Controlling Routine Communication Socializing Motivating/Reinforcing Disciplining/Punishing Managing conflict staffing Training/Developing 1/26/2023 20

21. What skills do leaders need? Personal Skills 1.Developing Self-awareness 3. Solving Problems creatively 2.Managing stress Determining values and priorities Identifying cognitive style Assessing attitude toward change Coping with stressors Managing time Delegating Using the creative approach Fostering innovation in others 1/26/2023 21

22. 4 . Communication supportively 5. Gaining power and influences 7. Management conflict 6. Motivating others Gaining power Exercise influence Empowering others Coaching Counseling Listening Identifying causes Selecting appropriate strategies Resolving confrontations Diagnosing poor performance Creating a motivating environment Rewarding accomplishment 1/26/2023 22

23. Types of leadership style Autocratic leadership style Democratic leadership style: persuasive or consultative Laissez-faire leadership style © PhotoDisc 1/26/2023 23

24. Leadership styles A leadership style where the leader makes all decisions independently or without consulting with others Advantages: good in certain circumstances, such as urgent tasks or military actions Disadvantages: poor decisions, poor level of employee motivation Autocratic 1/26/2023 24

25. When to use Autocratic New, untrained employees Employees are motivated High-volume production needs Limited time for decision making Manager’s power is challenged by an employee 1/26/2023 25

26. Leadership styles A leadership style where a leader encourages employee participation in decision-making persuasive or consultative Advantages: better decisions, employee motivation Disadvantages: delayed decision, long consultation Autocratic Democratic 1/26/2023 26

27. When to use Democratic To keep employees informed To encourage employees to share in decision-making and problem-solving To provide opportunities for employees to develop a high sense of personal growth and job satisfaction Complex problems that require a lots of input To encourage team building and participation. 1/26/2023 27

28. CHAPTER 14 COMMUNITY 1/26/2023 28

29. Objectives Definition of community Elements of community Types of community Benefits of community life 1/26/2023 29

30. Introduction Community is organized social life of a locality. We can observe the social relationship within the community. People develops attachment and sentimental identification within area in which they live. Community sometimes refers to entire humanity . 1/26/2023 30

31. Definition Group of people who live and belong together and share whole set of interests. Manheim A human population living within a limited geographic area and carrying on a common interdependent life. Lundeberg A social group with ‘we feeling ‘ and ‘living in a given area. Bogardus 1/26/2023 31

32. Elements of community Locality Community sentiment Group of people Permanency Naturality Wider ends Particular name dependency 1/26/2023 32

33. Types of community Urban community Rural community Tribal community 1/26/2023 33

34. Urban community Urban/city community/civilized society are the terms which are used synonymously People living in towns and cities mainly depending on nonagricultural occupation City is the product of man and his achievement Urbanization involves in brining changes in their social values 1/26/2023 34

35. Urban Community A community is called urban if: I t is located in a large town or city T here are more than 2,500 people H omes and apartments are close together T he majority of people depend on industry and business T ransportation carries large groups of people 1/26/2023 35

36. Definition Large, dense and permanent settlement of socially heterogeneous individuals 1/26/2023 36

37. Features of urban community Namelessness Homelessness Class extremes Socially heterogeneity Social distance Secondary control Social mobility 1/26/2023 37

38. Health problems associated with urbanization The common diseases among the urban slum dwellers are: infectious diseases Chronic toxicity Accidents and crimes Drug abuse and alcoholism suicide 1/26/2023 38

39. Causes Industrial pollution Over-crowding and poor hygienic practice Food and water contamination 1/26/2023 39

40. Strategies to improve urban health problems Provision of safe drinking water and maintaining housing standards Proper disposal of liquid and solid waste Conducting health awareness campaigns 1/26/2023 40

41. Rural community Is the major portion of community It is the back-bone of the country The word rural means ruralis meaning village 1/26/2023 41

42. Definition of rural community Is a group of people depending on agriculture and allied occupation, permanently residing in a geographic area and participating in common socio-economic and cultural activities Is a systemic study of rural social organization, its structure, function and evolutions 1/26/2023 42

43. Characteristics of village community Agricultural occupation Natural environment Small size and low density of population Homogeneity Low mobility and less differentiation Primary group relationship 1/26/2023 43

44. Tribal community Living in tribal area, away from area of influence of civilization 1/26/2023 44

45. Benefits of community life Provide security and protection Strengthens the unity of people Provides cooperation among members Depends on communication systems Provides sense of belongingness 1/26/2023 45