bettyneuman-231215104611-dd0f4e69.pdf123

Betty neuman

1. PRESENTED BY: Sunaina Sharma

2. BettyNeuman’ssystemmodelprovidesa
comprehensiveflexibleholisticandsystem
basedperspectivefornursing.
Itfocusesattentionontheresponseofthe
clientsystemtoactualorpotential
environmentstressors.
Andtheuseofprimary,secondaryand
tertiarynursingpreventionintervention.

3. Bornin1924

4. ShecompletedBSinnursingin1957
MSinmentalhealth,publichealth
consultation,fromUCLAin1966.
SheholdsaPh.D.inclinical
psychology.

5. HOLISTIC CLIENT
APPROACH:
Heretheclientsare
viewedaswhole
whosepartsarein
dynamicinteraction.

6. BASICSTRUCTURE/CENTRALCORE:.
Thebasicstructureorcentralcoreismade
upofbasicsurvivalfactorsthatare
commontothespecies.
Thesefactorsinclude:normaltemperature
range,geneticstructure,responsepattern,
organstrengthorweakness,egostructure.

7. OPENSYSTEM:Asysteminwhichthereis
continuousflowofinput,outputand
feedback.Itisasystemoforganised
complexitywhereallelementsarein
interaction.E.g.stressandreactiontostress.

8. INPUTANDOUTPUT:Thematter,energyand
informationexchangedbetweenmanand
environment,whichisenteringorleavingthe
systematanypointintime.
FEEDBACK:Theprocesswithinwhichthematter,
energyandinformationasasystemoutput
providesfeedbackforcorrectiveactionto
change,enhanceorstabilisethesystem

9. FLEXIBLELINEOFDEFENCE:A
protective,accordionlike
mechanismthatsurroundsand
protectsthenormallineofdefence
frominvasionbystressors.
NORMALLINEOFDEFENCE:It
representswhattheclienthas
becomeovertime,ortheusual
stateofwellness.Itisconsidered
dynamicbecauseitcanexpandor
contractovertime.

10. Lineofresistance:Theseriesofconcentric
circlesthatsurroundsthebasicstructure.

11. DEGREEOFREACTION:Thedegreeof
reactionistheamountofsystem
instabilityresultingfromstressor
invasionofthenormallineofdefence.
ENTROPY:Aprocessofenergy
depletionanddisorganisationmoving
thesystemtowardillnessorpossible
death.

12. NEGENTROPY:Aprocessofenergyconservation
thatincreaseorganisationandcomplexity,
movingthesystemtowardstabilityorahigher
degreeofwellness.
Preventionasintervention:-Interventions
modesfornursingactionanddeterminantsfor
entryofbothclientandnurseintohealthcare
system.

13. RECONSTITUTION:Thereturnandmaintenanceof
systemstability,followingtreatmentforstressor
reaction,whichmayresultinahigherorlowerlevel
ofwellness
STABILITY:
Astateofbalanceorharmony
clientadequatelycopeswithstressorstoretain,attain
ormaintainanoptimallevelofhealth.

14. PREVENTION:
AccordingtoNeumann’s
model,preventionisthe
primary nursing
intervention.Prevention
focuseson keeping
stressorsandthestress
responsefromhavinga
detrimentaleffectonthe
body.

15. LEVELS OF
PREVENTION
Primary prevention
Secondary prevention
Tertiary prevention

16. STRESSORS:
Thesearetheenvironmental
factors,intrapersonal(emotion,
feeling),interpersonal(role
expectation),andextrapersonal
personal(joborfinancepressure)
innature,thathavepotentialfor
disruptingsystemstability.

17. WELLNESS/ILLNESS:-
Wellnessistheconditionin
whichallsystempartsand
subpartsareinharmonywith
thewholesystemofthe
client.
Illnessisastateof
insufficiencywithdisrupting
needsunsatisfied.

18. FOUR MAJOR CONCEPTS ARE:
MAJOR
CONCEPTS
PERSON
ENVIRONMENT
HEALTH
NURSING

19. 1.PERSON:
Thefocusofthe
Neumann model is
basedonthephilosophy
thateachhumanbeing
isatotalpersonasa
clientsystemandthe
personisalayered
multidimensionalbeing.

20. Each layer consists of five person variable or
subsystems:
DEVELOPMENTAL
SPIRITUAL
SOCIO-
CULTURAL
PSYCHOLOGICAL
PHYSIOLOGICAL

21. 2. ENVIRONMENT:
Theenvironmentis
seentobethetotality
oftheinternaland
externalforceswhich
surroundaperson
andwithwhichthey
interactatanygiven
time.

22. INTERNAL
EXTERNAL
CREATED
ENVIRONMENT

23. 3.HEALTH:
Neumanseeshealthas
beingequated with
wellness.Shedefines
health/wellnessas“the
conditioninwhichallparts
andsubparts(variables)are
inharmonywiththewhole
oftheclient(Neumann,
1995)”.

24. 4. NURSING:
Neumanseesnursingas
auniqueprofessionthat
isconcernedwithallof
thevariableswhich
influencetheresponsea
personmighthavetoa
stressor.
.

25. Neumandefinesnursingas“actionwhich
assistindividuals,familiesandgroupsto
maintainamaximumlevelofwellness,and
theprimaryaimisstabilityofthe
patient/clientsystem,throughnursing
interventionstoreducestressors.’’
Theroleofthenurseisseenintermsof
degreeofreactiontostressors,andtheuse
ofprimary,secondary andtertiary
interventions.

27. 1.ReedSKaren,“BettyNeuman(Theneuman
systemmodel),NotesonnursingTheories”,
SAGEpublishers,Pp:1-29.
2.BasvanthappaBT,“NursingTheories”2
nd
edn,
Jaypeepublishers,Pp:225-241.
3.SultanBushra.Applicationofbettyneuman
theoryincaseofstrokrpaitent.Annualsof
nursingandpractice.2018;5(1):1092..

28. 4.http://currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/neuma
n.html