BHOPAL GAS TRAGEDY PRESENTATION BY JEEVESH SINGH

BHOPAL GAS TRAGEDY
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1. SRI VENKATESHWARA COLLEGE SUBJECT-1118070 BHOPAL GAS TRAGEDY

2. The Bhopal Disaster which is commonly referred to as Bhopal Gas Tragedy was a gas leak incident in India, considered one of the world’s worst industrial catastrophes. It occurred on the night of December 2-3,1984 at the Union Carbide India Limited, a pesticide plant in Bhopal , Madhya Pradesh , India. A leak of methyl isocyanate gas and other chemicals from the plant resulted in the exposure of hundreds and thousands of people. Started in 1969 in bhopal. Phosgene , Methylyamine , Methyl Isocynate (MIC) and methyl carbaryl also known as sevin. Taken over by dow chemicals in 2001

3. UCIL was the Indian subsidiary of Union Carbide Corporation (UCC), with Indian Government controlled banks and the Indian public holding a 49.1 percent stake. It started in 1969 at the northern state of India. Phosgene, Monomethlyamine, Methyl Isocyanate (MIC) and the pesticide Carbaryl, also known as Sevin were manufactured here.

4. BACKGROUND OF “UCIL”  UCIL, b uilt in sub s idia r y of 19 6 9 , wh i c h w a s the Indi a n Union Carbide Corporation  The Bhopal plant was la t er sold t o M c Leod Russel (India) Ltd . Dow C h emical (UCC), with Indian Government controlled banks and the Indian public holding a 49.1% stake.  In 1994, the Supreme Court of India allowed UCC to sell its 50.9% share. Union Carbide sold UCIL, the Bhopal plant operator, to Eveready Industries India Limited in 1994. Company purchased UCC in 2001.

5.  During the night of 2–3 December 1984, water entered Tank E610 containing 42 tons of MIC.  The re s ul t ing exot h e r mic re a ct i onincr e as e d THE ACCIDENT the temperature over 200 °C ( 392 i n s i de °F) t h e t a nk to an d raised the pressure.  About 30 metric tons of methyl isocyanate (MIC) escaped from the tank into the atmosphere of Bhopal in 45 to 60 minutes.

6. Methylamine (1) reacts with phosgene (2) producing methyl isocyanate (3) which reacts with 1-naphthol (4) to yield carbaryl (5) PLANT PRODUCTION PROCESS

7. Cause Of Bhopal Disaster

8. THE DEVASTATION  The official immediate death toll was 2,259 and the government of Madhya Pradesh has confirmed a total of 3,787 deaths related to the gas release.  Others estimate 8,000 died within two weeks and another 8,000 or more have since died from gas- related diseases.  A government affidavit in 2006 stated the leak caused 5,58,125 injuries including 38,478 temporary partial and approximately 3,900 severely and permanently disabling injuries.  2 , 000 bloa t ed a n im a l carcass e s had t o be dispose d.

9. HEALTH EFFECTS  Short term health effects  Ap a rt from M I C, the d e n s e gas c l oud may h a v e contained  phosgene,  hydrogen cyanide,  carbon monoxide,  hydrogen chloride,  oxides of nitrogen,  monomethyl amine (MMA) and  carbon dioxide, either produced in the storage tank or in the atmosphere .  The initial effects of exposure were c o ug h ing, vomiting, severe eye irritation and a feeling of suffocation.

10. LONG TERM HEALTH EFFECTS  It is estimated 100,000 to 200,000 people have permanent injuries.  Reported symptoms are  eye problems,  respiratory difficulties,  immune and neurological disorders,  cardiac failure secondary to lung injury,  female reproductive difficulties and  birth d ef e c ts am o ng c h ild r en b o rn t o a f f e cted women.  The Indian Government and UCC deny permanent injuries were caused by MIC or the other gases.

11. DISASTER

12. FACTORS LEADING TO THE GAS LEAK

13. CONTRIBUTING FACTORS OF THE DISASTER •   Faulty Location •   Inadequate safety equipment • Shoddy Maintainance •   Human Error •   Inadequate Staffing •   Lack of Evacuation Plans

14. CURRENT SITUATION OF BHOPAL GAS TRAGEDY

15. BHOPAL GAS VICTIMS USED AS GUINEA PIGS FOR DRUG TRIALS' •   The health ministry listed three instances of norms being flouted: • * Inspection in 2010 on clinical trial of Telavancin by Quintiles Ltd: "Finding of the inspection of one clinical trial conducted at BMHRC showed some deficiencies like non-payment of compensation to the trial subjects for participation and non-reporting of serious adverse events within prescribed time limit." The company was merely warned by Drug Controller General (DCG). • * Inspection in 2011 on clinical trial of Tigecycline by Quintiles Research Pvt Ltd: Finding of the inspection showed deficiencies like non-payment of compensation to trial subjects and non-reporting of serious adverse events in time. Again, the pharmaceutical firm was only warned in March 2012. • * Inspection in 2011 on clinical trial of Fondaparinux by Sanofi-Synthelabo Ltd resulted in identical findings - non-payment of compensation to subjects and non-reporting of serious adverse events and the DCG had again issued only a warning in March 2012.

16. COMPENSATION FROM UNION CARBIDE  The Government of India passed the Bhopal Gas Leak Disaster Act that gave the government rights to represent all victims in or outside India.  UCC offered US $350 million, the insurance sum. The Government of India claimed US$ 3.3 billion from UCC.  In 1989, a settlement was reached under which UCC agreed to pay US$470 million (the insurance sum, plus interest) in a full and final settlement of its civil and criminal liability.