Bhuj earthquake 2001 by:umang talpara

UMANG TALPARA
Bhuj earthquake 2001
2001

1. Bhuj Earthquake 2001 By: UMANG TALPARA

2. DATE 26 JAN 2001 Origin Time 03:16 UTC(08:46 IST) Magnitude 7.7 on Richter Scale Depth 16 Km(10 mi) Epicenter 9 km south-southwest of the village of  Chobari  in  Bhachau   Taluka  of  Kutch  District of  Gujarat. Type Oblique-Slip Area Affected India, Pakistan Max. Intensity X (Extreme) Causalities 13,805-20,023 dead ~1,66,800 injured Introduction

3. The  2001 Gujarat earthquake , also known as the Bhuj earthquake, occurred on 26 January, India's 52nd Republic Day, at  08:46 am IST  and lasted for over 2 minutes . The  epicenter  was about 9 km south-southwest of the village of Chobari in Bhachau Taluka of Kutch District of Gujarat, India . The intraplate earthquake reached 7.7 on the moment magnitude scale  and had a maximum felt intensity of X ( Extreme ) on the Mercalli intensity scale. The earthquake killed between 13,805 and 20,023 people (including 18 in southeastern  Pakistan), injured another 167,000 and destroyed nearly 400,000 homes.

4. Gujarat lies 300–400 km from the plate boundary between the Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate, but the current tectonics are still governed by the effects of the continuing continental collision along this boundary. During the break-up of Gondwana in the Jurassic, this area was affected by rifting with a roughly west–east trend . The focal mechanism of most earthquakes is consistent with reverse faulting on reactivated rift faults. The pattern of uplift and subsidence associated with the 1819 Rann of Kutch earthquake is consistent with reactivation of such a fault . The 2001 Gujarat earthquake was caused by movement on a previously unknown south-dipping fault, trending parallel to the inferred rift structures. Tectonic Setting

5. The death toll in the Kutch region was 12,300. Bhuj, which was situated only 20 km away from the epicenter, was devastated. Considerable damage also occurred in Bhachau and Anjar with hundreds of villages flattened in Taluka of Anjar, Bhuj and Bhachau. Over a million structures were damaged or destroyed, including many historic buildings and tourist attractions . The quake destroyed around 40% of homes, eight schools, two hospitals and 4 km of road in Bhuj, and partly destroyed the city's historic Swaminarayan temple and historic fort as well Prag Mahal and Aina Mahal. The Indian National Trust for Arts and Cultural Heritage (INTACH) inspected more than 250 heritage buildings in Kutch and Saurashtra and found that about 40% of them are either collapsed or seriously damaged. Only 10% were undamaged. Effects

6. In Ahmedabad, Gujarat's commercial capital with a population of approximately 7 million (according to data in 2018), as many as 50 multi-storey buildings collapsed and several hundred people were killed. Total property damage was estimated at $7.5 billion . In Kutch, the earthquake destroyed about 60% of food and water supplies and around 258,000 houses, 90% of the district's housing stock. The biggest setback was the total demolition of the Bhuj Civil hospital.

7. Four months after the earthquake the Gujarat government announced the Gujarat Earthquake Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Policy. The policy proposed a different approach to urban and rural construction with the estimated cost of rebuilding to be US$1.77 billion . The main objectives of the policy included repairing, building, and strengthening houses and public buildings. Other objectives included the revival of the economy, health support, and reconstruction of the community and social infrastructure. Reconstruction

8. The housing policies focused on the removal of rubble, setting up temporary shelters, full reconstruction of damaged houses, and the  retrofitting(adding new technologies or features to older system)  of undamaged units. The policy established a community-driven housing recovery process. The communities affected by the earthquake were given the option for complete or partial relocation to  on-site  reconstruction . The total number of eligible houses to be repaired was 9,29,682 and the total number of eligible houses to be reconstructed was 2,13,685 . By 2003, 8,82,896 (94%) houses were repaired and 1,13,271 (53%) were reconstructed. Housing

9. The Environmental Planning Collaborative (EPC) was commissioned to provide a new city plan for the city of Bhuj .  The plan focused on creating a wider roadway network to provide emergency access to the city. The EPC used land readjustment (LR) in the form of eight town planning schemes . This was implemented by deducting land from private lot sizes to create adequate public land for the widening of roadways .  The remaining land was readjusted and given back to the original owners as final plots. City Planning

10. In order to support the reconstruction and rehabilitation of the city, the Government of Gujarat created four assistance packages worth up to US$1 billion. These packages assisted about 300,000 families . The government also announced a US$2.5 million package to revive small, medium, and cottage industries. The World Bank and the Asian Development Bank also provided loans worth $300 million and $500 million respectively. Relief

11. Country Relief Offered Australia US$550,000 Bangladesh 20,000 tons of rice and a 12-member medical team Belgium US$920,000 Canada US$2 million China US$602,000 Greece US$270,000 in financial aid relief supplies Israel 150 member emergency aid mission Italy US$2.3 million for emergency equipment Kuwait US$250,000 The Netherlands US$2.5 million through  UNICEF New Zealand US$200,000 grant Pakistan 13 tons of relief material such as blankets and food Syria Medical and other relief supplies Taiwan US$100,000 United Kingdom £10 million United States Relief supplies up to US$5 million UAE ,  Vietnam ,  Saudi Arabia Relief material and supplies

12. Organizations Relief Given American Red Cross  of  Central New Jersey Grant program of US$10,000 with all proceeds going to the  American Red Cross  Indian Earthquake Relief Fund CARE International Relief Materials HelpAge India Relief materials to rural areas and  Mobile Medicare Units  (MMUs) Oxfam Food distribution. shelters, temporary bathing facilities, and relief materials The Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement £10 million, 350-bed hospital, water and sanitation units,  telecommunications  team, and a  British Red Cross  logistics team World Health Organization US$1.2 million

13. Smritivan , a memorial park and museum dedicated to victims of the earthquake is being built on top of  Bhuj Hill. 13,823 trees, each dedicated to a victim, were planted in the garden and 108 small water reservoirs were created on the hill. Memorial

14. Smritivan

15. Photos of Damaged caused by Earthquake

16. Thank You Umang talpara