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1. Epidemiology of Specific Diseases in India: A Public Health Perspective By : bhupendra Singh Patel Group : 315

2. Zoonoses : A Complex Public Health Concern Zoonoses are diseases transmitted from animals to humans.
Diverse groups of pathogens cause zoonoses , including bacteria, viruses, parasites, and rickettsia.
India faces a significant burden of various zoonotic diseases, affecting both rural and urban populations.

3. Bacterial Zoonoses : A Closer Look Several bacterial zoonoses pose significant threats in India:
Brucellosis: Causes fever, fatigue, and joint pain, primarily affecting livestock farmers and slaughterhouse workers.
Leptospirosis: Associated with flooding and contact with contaminated water, leading to kidney damage and other complications.

4. Bacterial Zoonoses : A Closer Look Plague: Primarily affects rodents and can jump to humans through flea bites, causing severe illness.
Human Salmonellosis: Foodborne illness caused by contaminated poultry and eggs, leading to diarrhea and abdominal cramps.

5. Viral Zoonoses : From Rabies to JE Several viral zoonoses are also prevalent in India:
Rabies: Transmitted through animal bites, causing fatal neurological illness.
Yellow Fever: Mosquito-borne disease endemic in specific regions, causing fever, jaundice, and bleeding.
Japanese Encephalitis (JE): Mosquito-borne disease affecting the brain, with high mortality and morbidity rates.

6. Viral Zoonoses : From Rabies to JE Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD): Tick-borne viral illness found in specific regions, causing severe fever and bleeding. Chikungunya Fever: Mosquito-borne viral infection causing fever, joint pain, and rashe s.

7. Rickettssial and Parasitic Zoonoses : Hidden Threats These less common zoonoses also impact India’s public health:
Scrub Typhus: Transmitted by mite bites, causing fever, headache, and a characteristic skin rash.
Murine Typhus: Spread by rat fleas, leading to fever, chills, and rash.
Tick Typhus: Transmitted by tick bites, causing fever, headache, and muscle pain.
Q Fever: Transmitted through inhalation of infected animal aerosols, causing pneumonia-like symptoms.

8. Rickettssial and Parasitic Zoonoses : Hidden Threats Taeniasis : Tapeworm infection caused by consuming undercooked meat, leading to abdominal pain and weight loss.
Hydatid Disease: Caused by ingestion of dog tapeworm eggs, forming cysts in various organs. Leishmaniasis : Transmitted by sandfly bites, causing skin lesions and internal organ involvement.

9. Moving Beyond Zoonoses : Surface Infections This group of diseases affects the skin, mucous membranes, and other external body surfaces.
Key examples include:
Trachoma: Bacterial infection leading to blindness, primarily affecting children in crowded living conditions.
Tetanus: Clostridial infection causing muscle spasms and potentially fatal respiratory failure.

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