Bidirectional visitor counter

Project presentation

1. PREPARED AND PRESENTED BY: ZAKIR GULZAR(1235223) ANIKET DWIVEDI(1235214) SAHIL CHALANA(1344428) WASEEM HASSAN(1235222) ROUF UL RASOOL(1254306) BIDIRECTIONAL VISITOR COUNTER ARYANS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

2. INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT This project titled “Microcontroller based Bidirectional Visitor counter” is designed and presented in order to count the visitors of an auditorium, hall, room, offices, malls, sports venue, etc. The system counts both the entering and exiting visitor of the auditorium or hall or other place, where it is placed. Depending upon the interrupt from the IR sensors, the system identifies the entry and exit of the visitor. On the successful implementation of the system, it displays the number of visitor present in the room. This system can be economically implemented in all the places where the visitors have to be counted and controlled.

3. WHY THIS? This system can be used as an automated switch to increase energy efficiency. The system can be used at the entrance of a room to control the lights and other appliances. E.g: when the number of people in the room is zero,the circuit can automatically switch off the power and thus preventing the energy wastage. Moreover, we wanted to learn about electronics and circuits. So we took up this project .

4. COMPONENTS Resistors Potentiometer Capacitors(Ceramic and electrolytic) Microcontroller(8052) Op-amp(Comparator) Regulator(LT543) Diodes(1N007) Phototransistor(LPT80A) Seven segment displays Transformer(12/500mA at 220V AC) LEDs and IR LEDs Reset switch Crystal Oscillator (12Mhz)

5. BLOCK DIAGRAM

6. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

7. OPERATION When the system is powered, the compiler initially initializes the stack pointer and all other variables. It then scans the input ports (PortP1.0 first). In the meantime, when there is no interruption between the IR LED and the phototransistor of the first sensor pair, the output of the phototransistor is always at low voltage. In other words port P1.0 is at logic low level

8. Now when a transition takes place, i.e a logic high level is received at port P1.0, the compiler sees this as an interruption to sense the passage of a person or an object between the IR LED and the phototransistor. As per the program, the count value is increased and this value is displayed on the 2-Digit Counter. Now the compiler starts scanning the other input port P1.1. Similar to the first sensor pair, for this sensor pair also the phototransistor conducts in absence of any interruption and P1.1 is at logic low level

9. In case of an interruption, the port P1.1 goes high and this interruption is perceived by decreasing the value of count. The program ensures that the scanning of both the port pins is done at certain delays so as to avoid confusion of reading. For instance port P1.0 is scanned for two or three interruptions so as to ensure the count value is above 1 or 2.

10. Now the compiler starts scanning the other input pin-P1.1. Similar to the first sensor pair, for this sensor pair also the phototransistor conducts in absence of any interruption and P1.1 is at logic low level. In case of an interruption, the pin P1.1 goes high and this interruption is perceived by decreasing the value of count.

11. PROBLEMS AND IMPROVEMENTS This is a very basic circuit and has many shortcomings. For example, this system will not differentiate between a person and any other obstacle interrupting the sensors. Also this circuit is good enough for only one person entering at a time. Also, this is a short range system. For long range, we use lasers. For overcoming these and many other problems with this system, further improvements are being done. Cameras and processing is now being used to differentiate between different interruptions.

12. APPLICATIONS This circuit can be used domestically to get an indication of number of persons entering a party It can be used at official meetings. It can be used at homes and other places to keep a check on the number of persons entering a secured place. It can also be used as home automation system to ensure energy saving by switching on the loads and fans only when needed.

13. CONCLUSION We just took up this project as we were interested in electronics and wanted to learn about it. Through this project, we learnt a lot about the functioning and use of different electronic components and their applications in real life. We were able to correlate what we studied in our course to real life. Also this is very simple and effective idea which can be used in many places like hostel and hotel rooms to save energy.