BINARY IONIC COMPOUND.pptx

Ionic compound

1. Recognizing and Naming Binary Ionic Compound

2. How do we know that the compound is an ionic compound?

3. Recognizing Binary Ionic Compounds Binary Compound A compound in which only 2 elements are present NaCl , CO 2 , NH 3 , and P 4 O 10 Binary Ionic Compound An Ionic compound in which one element present is a metal and the other element present is non-metal Na Cl Metal Non-Metal

4. Exercises Which of the following binary compounds would be expected to be an ionic compound? Al 2 S 3 CO 2 H 2 O MgCl 2 KF PF 3 NH 3 Fe 2 O 3 Ionic Not Ionic Ionic Not Ionic Not Ionic Ionic Ionic Not Ionic

5. Naming Binary Ionic Compounds Rule: The full name of the metallic element is given first, followed by a separate word containing the stem of the metallic non-metallic element and the suffix – ide . Metal Non-Metal p otassium chlor ide Note: “ chlor ” is the stem of the non-metallic element chlorine

6. Name of Selected Non-Metallic Ions

7. Exercises Name the following binary ioniccompounds MgO Al 2 S 3 K 3 N BeO CaCl 2 Li 3 P Na 2 S BaI 2 m agnesium o xide p otassium nitride c alcium chloride s odium s ulfide a luminum sulfide b erellium oxide b arium iodide l ithium phosphide

8. Naming Binary Compound with Variable Ionic Behavior What is Variable Ionic Behavior ? Pertains to the less predictable behavior of some metals because they have the ability to form more than one type of ion.(Ex. Fe 2 + and Fe 3 + ) Note: all inner transition elements, most transition metals, and a few representative metals exhibit variable ionic charge behavior .

9. Naming Binary Compound with Variable Ionic Behavior Rule: “ The charge of the metal ion must be included in the name.” Ex. FeCl 2 and FeCl 3 iron (II) chloride iron (III) chloride

10. Naming Binary Compound with Variable Ionic Behavior Old Method: “Latin name is used + the suffix – ic and – ous .” “ ic ” is used for ion of higher charge, and “ ous ” for ion of lower charge. FeCl 2 f erric chloride f errous chloride FeCl 3

11. Naming Binary Compound with Variable Ionic Behavior Calculating for the charge of Metal Ion Ionic charge must add to zero Ex. FeCl 2 iron charge + 2 (chlorine charge) = 0 Iron charge + 2(-) = 0 Iron charge = 2 +

12. Fixed-charge metals

13. Exercises Name the following compounds, which contain on or more polyatomic ions AuCl Fe 2 O 3 PbO 2 Cu 2 S Gold (I) chloride Lead (IV) oxide Iron (III) oxide Copper (I) sulfide

14. Polyatomic Ions

15. ION Monatomic ion “an ion formed from a single atom through loss or gain of electrons.” Ex. Cl - ,Na + , Ca 2+ , N 3- Polyatomic Ion “an ion formed from a group of atoms (held together by covalent bonds) through loss or gain of electrons.” Ex. NO 3 - , SO 4 2- , PO 4 3-

16. Names and Formulas of some Polyatomic Ions

17. Are Polyatomic ions molecules? No! MOLECULE “group of two or more atoms that functions as a unit because the atoms are tightly bound together.” “One of the fundamental units forming a chemical compound” Molecules can occur alone. Polyatomic ions don’t.

18. Are Polyatomic Ions compounds? No! Polyatomic ions are “charged pieces of a compound ” , not compounds. They are found associated with ions of opposite charge . Ionic compounds require presence of both positive and negative ions and are neutral overall.

19. Generalizations concerning Polyatomic ions names and charges Most of the polyatomic ions have negative charge, which can vary from -1 to -3. (except NH 4 (Ammonium) and H 3 O+ ( hydronium )) 2 of the negatively charged polyatomic ions, OH - (hydroxide) and CN - (cyanide) have names ending in – ide .

20. A number of –ate and – ite pairs of ions exist, as in SO 4 2 - ( sulfate ) and SO 3 2 - ( sulfite ). The –ate ion always has one more oxygen atom than the – ite ion. Both the –ate and – ite ions carry the same charge. A number of pairs of ions exist wherein one member of the pair differs from the other by having a hydrogen atoms present, as in CO 3 2- (carbonate) and HCO 3 - (hydrogen carbonate or bicarbonate). In such pairs, the charge on the ion that contains the hydrogen is always 1 less than that of the other ion. Generalizations concerning Polyatomic ions names and charges

21. Chemical Formulas and Names for Ionic Compounds containing Polyatomic Ions When more than 1 polyatomic ion of a given kind is required in a chemical formula, the polyatomic ion is enclosed in parentheses, and a subscript, placed outside the parentheses, is used to indicate the number of polyatomic ions needed. Fe (OH) 3 Iron charge + 3(OH charge) = 0 Iron charge + 3(-1) = 0 Iron charge – 3 = 0 Iron charge = 3 + Iron (III) hydroxide

22. Chemical Formulas and Names for Ionic Compounds containing Polyatomic Ions So that the identity of polyatomic ions is preserved, the same elemental symbol may be used more than one in chemical formula. NH 4 NO 3 Both NH 4 and NO 3 has Nitrogen (N) as part of their components. (Ammonium nitrate)

23. Exercises Determine the chemical formula for the ionic compounds that contain these pair of ions. Na + and SO 4 2- K + and CO 3 2- Mg 2+ and NO 3- Ca 2+ and OH - NH 4 + and CN - NH 4 + and HPO 4 2- Na 2 SO 4 Mg(NO 3 ) 2 NH 4 CN K 2 CO 3 Ca(OH) 2 ( NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4

24. Exercises Name the following compounds, which contain one or more polyatomic ions Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 Ba (NO 3 ) 2 Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 Cu 3 PO 4 (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 Calcium phosphate Iron (III) sulfate Ammonium carbonate Barium nitrate Copper (I) phosphate Ammonium sulfate

25. Ionic Bonds and Ionic Compounds At a Glance

26. Nomenclature of Ionic Compounds At a Glance

27. Reference General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry by H. Stephen Stoker