BIO FERTILIZERS.pdf

Bio fertilizers are the living organisms capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen or making native soil nutrients available to the crops.
Bio fertilizers are the substance that contains microbes,  which helps in promoting the growth of plants and trees by increasing the supply of essential nutrients to the plants.

1. BIO FERTILIZERS
WELCOME
PRESENTED BY
E. SENTHAMIL
II M.Sc. (Ag.) AGRONOMY
SENTHAMIL E PhD scholar (AGRONOMY)
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2. WHAT IS BIO FERTILIZER?
•Bio fertilizers are the living organisms capable of fixing atmospheric
nitrogen or making native soil nutrients available to the crops.
•Bio fertilizers are the substance that contains microbes,which helps
in promoting the growth of plants and trees by increasing the supply
of essential nutrients to the plants.
SENTHAMIL E PhD scholar (AGRONOMY)
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Au Agriorganics youtubechannel

3. CLASSIFICATION OF BIO FERTILIZERS
A. NITROGEN FIXING MICROBES
1. Free living :
a. Aerobic: Azotobacter
b. Anaerobic: Clostridium
2. Symbiotic N fixing:
a. With root nodule: Rhizobium, Frankia, Casuarinas
b. Without nodule: Anabaena azollae
3. Associative symbiotic: Azospirillum
4. Endophyticnitrogen fixer:
Gluconacetobacterdiazotrophicus
SENTHAMIL E PhD scholar (AGRONOMY)
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4. B. PHOSPHORUS
1. Phosphate solubilizer: Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillusawamori
2. Phosphate mobilizer:
a. Arbuscularmycorrhiza: Glomussp.,
b. Ectomycorrhiza: Laccariasp.,
C. Endomycorrhiza: Pezizellaericae.,
C. POTASH SOLUBILIZER: B. circulans
D. ZINC SOLUBILIZER: Pseudomonas fragi
E. SILICATE SOLUBILIZER: Burkholderiaeburea
F. PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA:
Pseudomonas sp.,
SENTHAMIL E PhD scholar (AGRONOMY)
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5. MASS PRODUCTION OF BACTERIAL BIO FERTILIZERS
Mass production of carrier based bacterial bio fertilizers involves three
stages.
1. Mass culturing of microorganisms
2. Processing of carrier material
3. Mixing of broth culture with the carrier materials and packaging
SENTHAMIL E PhD scholar (AGRONOMY)
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6. 1. Mass culturing of Microorganisms
The media used for mass culturing of bio fertilizers are as follows:
SlNoBio fertilizer Medium
1 Rhizobium Yeast extract mannitolbroth.
2 Azospirillum Dobereiner'sN-free malic acid broth with NH4Cl
3 Azotobacter WaksmannNo.77 broth
4 Phosphobacteria Nutrient broth SENTHAMIL E PhD scholar (AGRONOMY)
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7. Preparation of starter culture
The broth is prepared in flasks.
Transfer inoculum from mother culture to flasks.
The culture is grown under shaking conditions at 30±2°C as
submerged culture.
The culture is incubated until a maximum cell population of 10
10
to
10
11
CFU/ml is produced.
SlNoBIOFERTILIZER INCUBATION PERIOD (DAYS)
1 Rhizobium 4 to 5
2 Azospirillum 5 to 7
3 phosphobacteria 2 to 3
4 Azotobacter 6 to7
SENTHAMIL E PhD scholar (AGRONOMY)
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8. Inoculum preparation
Prepare media for bacterial inoculant in 250 ml, 500 ml, 3 litreand 5
litreconical flasks and sterilize the same.
Inoculate the 250ml conical flask with efficient bacterial strain under
aseptic condition.
Keep it under room temperature in rotary shaker (200 rpm) for 5-7
days.
Observe the growth of microbial culture and estimate the population.
Using the starter culture inoculate the larger flasks containing the
media.
SENTHAMIL E PhD scholar (AGRONOMY)
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9. Mass culturing in fermentor
Sterilize the inoculation port.
Inoculate the media in fermentorvessel with the log phase culture grown in 5 litreflask.
Usually 1 -2 % inoculum is sufficient, however inoculation is done up to 5%
depending on the growth of the culture in the larger flasks.
Turn on the air pump, open the air outlet valve.
Regulate the air flow to 3-10 lit of air per hour per litreof the medium.
Draw samples and analyze for growth.
Harvest the cells with the population load of 10
9
cells ml
-1
after incubation period.
SENTHAMIL E PhD scholar (AGRONOMY)
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10. 2. Processing of carrier material
•The use of ideal carrier material is necessary in the production of
good quality bio fertilizer.
•The neutralized peat soil/lignite are found to be better carrier
materials for bio fertilizer production
Peat soil
Lignite
Vermiculite
Charcoal
Press mud
Farmyard manure
Soil mixture
SENTHAMIL E PhD scholar
(AGRONOMY)
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channel

11. Preparation of carrier material
The carrier material is powdered to a fine powder so as to pass
through 212 micron IS sieve.
The pH of the carrier material is neutral.
If it is acidic neutral with the help of Calcium Carbonate (1:10 ratio).
The neutralized carrier material is sterilized in an autoclave to
eliminate the contaminants.
SENTHAMIL E PhD scholar (AGRONOMY)
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12. 3. Mixing of broth culture with the
carrier and packing
•Inoculant packets are prepared by mixing the broth culture obtained
from fermenter with sterile carrier material.
SENTHAMIL E PhD scholar (AGRONOMY)
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13. MASS PRODUCTION OF BACTERIAL BIO FERTILIZERS
SENTHAMIL E PhD scholar (AGRONOMY)
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14. Quality control of Bio fertilizers
Bureau of Indian standards has prescribed certain specifications for the inoculants
to maintain good quality. They are as follows,
The inoculants should be a carrier based one.
Should contain a minimum of 10
8
cells/g of carrier with 15 days of manufacture
and 10
7
cells/gmwith in 15 days of expiry.
Maximum expiry period: 6 months from the date of manufacture.
Should not be contaminated.
pH: 6.00 to 7.5.
The carrier material should be in the form of powder passing through 76 –106 μ
sieve.
Neutralized and sterilized.
The manufactures should control the quality of broth and maintain records of
test.
The inoculant should be packed in 50 –75 μ low density polythene bags.
SENTHAMIL E PhD scholar (AGRONOMY)
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15. INFORMATION TO BE GIVEN ON BIO FERTILIZER POCKETS
Each pocket show give the following information
Name of product , specific name
Recommended crops
Name and address of the manufacturer
Type of carrier
Batch and code number
Date of manufacture
Date of expiry
Net quantity
Storage instructions worded under “Store in a cool place away from direct sun and
heat”.
The above items should be printed on colouredink background.
The pocket may be marked with ISI certification mark.
SENTHAMIL E PhD scholar (AGRONOMY)
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16. METHODS OF BIO FERTILIZER APPLICATION
1.Seed treatment: 600g/ha recommendation of seeds.
2.Pocket placement: 2g/hill.
3.Soil application: 2000g/ha by mixing with 25 kgsFYM.
4.Seedling root dipping: 1000g/ha in 40 litresof water and dip the
seedlings for 15-30 minutes
5.Fertigation: 1ml/litreof water
SENTHAMIL E PhD scholar (AGRONOMY)
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17. THANK YOU
SENTHAMIL E PhD scholar (AGRONOMY)
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